城市空间扩展与"精明增长"中国化

阐述了美国城市蔓延及“精明增长”对策,综合国内外学者对“精明增长”中国化的观点,指出我国城市空间扩展借鉴“精明增长”理念应注意三个问题,并据此提出“精明增长”中国化的相关建议。     

The religious factor in private education

We quantify the religious factor in private education in the United States by calibrating a political economy model of school choice—among public, private-nonsectarian and subsidized religious schools—in which parents differ in their incomes and in their preferences for religious education. This shows strong latent demand for religious schooling, conditioned on current subsidized tuition levels in parochial schools, which is suppressed by the need to “pay twice” for private education. Applying the results of the calibration to gauge the effect of means-tested school voucher programs on religious and nonsectarian private enrollment, we find that when the amount of the voucher is relatively small, including subsidized religious schools in such programs is necessary for providing low-income families effective access to private education.     

Evolutionary stability and lexicographic preferences

We explore the interaction between evolutionary stability and lexicographic preferences. To do so, we define a limit Nash equilibrium for a lexicographic game as the limit of Nash equilibria of nearby games with continuous preferences. Nash equilibria of lexicographic games are limit Nash equilibria, but not conversely. Modified evolutionarily stable strategies (Binmore and Samuelson, 1992. J. Econ. Theory 57, 278–305) are limit Nash equilibria. Modified evolutionary stability differs from “lexicographic evolutionarily stability” (defined by extending the common characterization of evolutionary stability to lexicographic preferences) in the order in which limits in the payoff space and the space of invasion barriers are taken.     

Linking scenarios across geographical scales in international environmental assessments

The development and analysis of scenarios or plausible futures has evolved to be a useful approach for dealing with uncertainty about future developments in a structured and integrated manner. Commonly, scenario exercises have focussed on processes at one specific geographic scale. Recently scenario-based approaches have also been used to address multi-scale processes or to link scenarios developed at various geographical scales with each other in order to better understand the interaction of processes across scales.The level of interconnectedness across scales will vary, and depends largely on the approaches used to develop multi-scale scenarios. We distinguish five levels of interconnectedness scenarios may display across scales: (a) Equivalent, (b) Consistent, (c) Coherent, (d) Comparable, and (e) Complementary. Furthermore, we describe five different types of coupled scenario development processes: (a) Joint, (b) Parallel, (c) Iterative, (d) Consecutive, and (e) Independent.Based on this nomenclature, the relationship between the level of interconnectedness of scenarios and the degree of coupling of scenario development processes across geographical scales is discussed. Which process is best suited and how much interconnectedness is needed, will depend both on the focal issue and the primary purpose of the scenario exercise, i.e. whether the aim is education, scientific exploration, or decision-support.     

东部地区在区域经济协调发展中要发挥更大作用

“八五”以来，我国东部沿海地区充分利用区位优势和现实经济条件，依靠科技力量，致力于产业结构升级换代，积极转变经济增长方式，形成了一批现代化的企业集团和企业家队伍，经济增长方式上完成了由劳动密集型向资本、技术密集型的转变，积累了大量的资本，为东西部地区协调发展创造了条件。     

农村金融:现实挑战与发展选择

农村金融体制的改革严重滞后，已经成为农村发展的重要障碍。当前中国农村经济已进入新畴发展阶段，其面临的主要矛盾是由增加供给转变为提高效益，传统的数量扩张为主的增长方式受到严重挑战。农村和农业发展对资金要素的依赖程度日趋增强．然而现实表明：由于农村正规金融组织功能不全、农村合作金融明显缺位，农村金融抑制变得更加严重，农村非农产业和农民获得金融服务极为困难已成为普遍存在的现象。     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

防城港市旅游资源优势及旅游开发策略

防城港市地处中越边境,是我国大西南地区通往越南和东南亚的交通要道,区位优势明显。这里有辽阔的海滩,茂密的热带季雨林,成群的白鹭,生长在大海中的红树林以及迷人的京族民族风情等自然与人文旅游资源。要充分利用西部大开发这一难得机遇,大力发展旅游业,把本市建设成为环境优美、有一定影响力的旅游城市。     

中国经济体制改革时期制度变迁的特征分析

从实质上说，中国经济体制改革的过程就是一个制度的重建过程，即以适应市场经济的制度安排取代适应计划经济的制度安排取代适应计划经济的制度安排的过程。在这一制度重建的进程中，市场取向的制度变迁表现出八个方面的典型特征：一是制度变迁需求的内性性；二是制度变迁供给的滞后性；三是制度变迁目标的动态性；四是制度变迁过程的渐进性；五是制度变迁轨迹的路径依赖性；六是从单项制度变迁向制度结构变迁演进；七是强制性制度变迁与诱致性制度变迁相结合；八是宏观经济制度变迁与微观经济制度变迁同步进行。     

实施PPET战略，发展西部民族地区生态旅游

To help the poor and to develop tourism are two mportant problems in poverty-stricken areas. However,they were isola ted for years. The PPET strategy was put forward in this paper based on PPT. The feasibility and the realistic meaning of the strategy in developing the ecotourism, overcoming poverty, and achieving prosperity of minority areas in western China are analyzed by taking Xinlong county of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as an example.