Perceptions of Power Within a Membership-based Seniors' Community Center

As opportunities for citizenship diminish in everyday life amid increasing consumption and privatization, there is a growing realization of the importance of participation and citizen power, particularly for older adults. Gaventa's (1980) Gaventa, J. (1980). Power and powerlessness: Quiescence and rebellion in an Appalachian Valley. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. [Google Scholar] concepts of visible, invisible, and hidden power and Arnstein's ladder of citizen power (1969) framed this study, which used participatory methods, including creation and facilitation of a members' group at a small seniors' center, to address the question: What are the factors that undermine or cultivate citizen power at a small community center for seniors? The data were organized under three power-related themes: powerlessness, reluctance to claim power, and claiming power. Findings suggest that negative social constructions associated with aging act as instruments of invisible power. Further, community center membership, to be considered meaningful, should be imbued with visible power, so that seniors can be involved in decision making and leadership.     

少数民族社区旅游的舞台化特征研究——以云南若干村镇为例

云南民族众多、人文和自然景观富饶,少数民族社区旅游发展起步较早,发展较成熟,在长期发展过程中,呈现出了明显的舞台化特征.在考察了大理古城、周城,丽江束河古镇,香格里拉霞给村,西双版纳傣族园等较为典型的旅游村镇的基础上,归纳认为少数民族社区旅游的舞台化特征主要体现在3个方面:社区旅游圈、东道主行为前台化和民俗节事舞台化.这种舞台化有利于少数民族传统村镇在空间特质和精神特质上的分区保护;有利于提高居民参与社区旅游发展的参与意识和传统文化意识;有利于游客在有限的时空范围内体验少数民族的风土人情.     

旅游管理研究生综合素质培养思路探讨

面对目前旅游管理研究生就业难的现象,分析当前旅游管理研究生培养中存在的问题和原因,有针对性地从教育方法、教学内容等方面提出一些合理化建议,以促进旅游管理研究生综合素质的提高。     

"众乐乐":旅游虚拟社区"结伴旅行"之质性研究

以往对互联网与旅游相结合的研究多集中在旅游信息交换方面,本文将探讨在互联网平台上寻找"游伴"的现象.采用扎根理论(grounded theory),文章搜集和分析了一个"讨论串"和12个半结构式访谈.研究发现,虚拟社区结伴旅行是互联网普及和自助精神共同作用下产生的一种自助旅行方式.旅游者通过控制旅伴的数量和质量,规定旅伴间的权责关系,力图在孤独的背包客和团队旅游中找寻一条中间道路,以"小圈子"把这条中间道路确定和保持下来,他们的旅游体验最终结合团队旅游和背包客的优点,实现了优化.文章最后讨论了研究限制和未来研究方向.     

加强系统培训,提高入境旅游接待水平——发展浙江入境旅游对策之一

本文以中国入境旅游发展成就与问题并存为大背景,在对浙江省入境旅游发展与人才供求现状分析基础上,提出了加强系统培训,提高入境旅游接待水平的对策,从政府、学校、企业、语言培训和培训模式等5 个方面进行了比较详尽的阐述,期望有助于提高浙江省入境旅游接待质量,发展入境旅游事业。     

Recent experiences in project appraisal

The author examines the nature of the tourism industry and, within this context, defines what is meant by project appraisal and examines its composition. There is a variety of approaches to project appraisal depending on the varying objectives of the different forms of organization involved in tourism development. The underlying rationales of these approaches are considered and the strengths and weaknesses of each appraised to develop one that is objective and acceptable.     

振兴东北地区经济的未来政策选择

本文针对当前东北地区经济存在的主要问题,在对现行国家援助政策及其实施效果进行初步评价的基础上,提出了进一步完善国家振兴东北老工业基地政策的具体建议.作者认为,现行国家援助政策偏重于项目投资,政策适用地域过于"泛化",没有体现分类指导的思想.尽管国家实施的东北老工业基地振兴战略已初见成效,但目前东北地区经济仍面临诸多困难,经济发展中尚存在不少问题,国有企业改革进展缓慢.为此,必须抓好东北老工业基地振兴规划,实行分类指导、区别对待,进一步加大国家财政和金融支持力度,再造信用东北.     

我国科技成果市场化营销模式研究

技术市场是我国科技成果市场化的主要途径,但是由于被动的管理体制,阻碍了我国技术成果市场化的效率。基于技术交易的本质是市场化运作这一认识,提出科技成果市场化营销的概念,并分析我国技术成果市场化营销的模式,为我国科研单位进行科学研究和技术成果市场化提供科学决策的依据。     

中美高新技术产业全球价值链分工地位和竞争力研究

通过测算中美高新技术产业双边贸易规模及结构,探讨两国高新技术产业全球价值链分工地位与竞争力。研究结果表明：中国高新技术产业依附于全球价值链的加工和装配等低端环节,整体竞争力低于美国,但近年来有向价值链上游攀升的趋势;美国高新技术产业主导着全球价值链的研发和设计等高端环节。因此,应当继续提升自主创新能力,推进高水平对外开放,搭建国际技术交流平台,完善高新技术产业发展政策,助推中国高新技术产业实现价值链升级。     

An Investigation of Market Orientation (MO) and Tourism Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ (SMEs) Performance in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature

This paper aims to build a structured literature review of the field of market orientation and its impact on tourism small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) performance in developing countries. This literature review will present a comprehensive survey of market orientation (MO) published articles to facilitate good understanding of MO. It serves as an archive and aims to help the scholars and practitioners to explore, analyse, and develop a clear understanding about the different research points and methodologies implemented in previous studies related to MO and its impact on tourism SMEs’ performance. The paper systematically reviews and categorizes the published literature implementing a three-stage methodology, and thereafter analyzes and reviews this literature methodologically. The review covered many areas and identified some factors that drive/hinder market-oriented activities within tourism SMEs. Furthermore, suggestions have been made to understand more thoroughly how market orientation influences tourism SMEs performance in developing economies. A research gap in the area of market orientation and tourism SMEs performance in developing countries was identified. The study provides great benefits for owner-managers, government policy makers, scholars, and educators by clarifying the concept of market orientation and its relationship with performance in the context of tourism SMEs.