资金流量表分析方法研究的评述

目前学术界分别从资金流量账户和资金流量分析的角度,运用多种统计与分析方法,依据我国资金流量表的数据进行了宏观经济分析,形成了一定数量的研究成果.本文在综述资金流量分析方法的基础上,分析了资金流量研究的缺陷,提出了进一步研究的意义和主要理论框架.     

当代收入分配理论的新发展

本文全面介绍了当代收入分配理论的最新发展。当代收入分配理论从不同角度研究了收入分配与经济增长的关系及收入分配格局的动态演化。在收入分配对经济增长的影响方面 ,本文重点介绍了理论上发展得比较充分的政治经济机制 ,以及教育—生育决策、社会稳定性和市场规模等机制 ;在收入分配的动态演化方面 ,本文介绍了内生收入分配格局的人力资本机制、工资机制、利率机制 ,考察了技术变化、金融发展与收入分配动态演化的关系及Lucas的偏好扰动理论。本文还介绍了收入分配福利评价理论。     

城镇居民教育收益率及其分布特征

本文以中国居民收入分配课题组2002年城镇住户调查数据为基础,利用分位回归分析方法讨论城镇居民教育收益率与收入条件分布之间的关联形式。本文的基本结论表明,在收入条件分布较高的分位点上,所对应的教育收益率相对较低,即教育收益率随着收入等级的提高而下降;另一方面,收入函数中引入不同类型的控制变量将会影响到平均的教育收益率估计水平,这也在一定程度上影响到教育收益率的分布特征。就方法论来说,分位回归分析可能为教育收益率估计中如何剔除能力因素所造成的偏差提供了一种解决办法;就政策意义而言,本文的结论表明,教育扩展可能更有利于低收入人口的收入的增长。当然,在施加不同类型控制变量的过程中,我们也发现就业特征对于教育收益率具有非常重要的影响,这不仅表明我国劳动力市场具有分割特性,也可能意味着就业或职业获得成为收入差距扩张的重要因素。     

政府间转移支付与地区财力差距变化

政府间财政转移支付是中央政府平衡地区差距的主要工具之一.在不考虑转移支付因素情况下,从各地人均财政收支、预算外收支及包括预算内外的财政总收支等三个方面考察的各地政府的财力差距是扩大的,尤其是在各地人均财政收入方面;而在考虑现行转移支付实施后,以人均财政收入变异系数反映的各地区人均财力的变化,呈缩小趋势,且缩小幅度越来越大.以人均财政支出变异系数反映的各地区人均财力变化在1996～1998年期间呈剧烈波动,2000年后总体呈略微上升;以各地人均财政支出为主要衡量指标,现行政府间转移支付制度并未起到缩小各地财力差距的作用.究其原因,出现人均财政收入变异系数的缩小与积极的财政政策的实施背景有关,具有一定"偶然性".     

水资源负价值的研究

本文提出了水资源负价值理论,分析了水资源负价值的构成,并给出了计算方法。     

我国商业银行效率的影响因素:产权制度还是市场结构

采用自由分布法(DFA),利用似不相关回归估计测算了我国商业银行的X-成本效率状况,并分析了产权制度与市场竞争程度对我国商业银行效率的影响。实证检验发现,我国国有银行和股份制银行的X-成本效率存在结构性差别,产权制度是造成这种差异的关键原因,市场竞争程度对银行效率也产生了非常重要的影响;且两者对银行效率的影响是一种互补关系而不是替代关系。可供选择的政策建议包括:推进产权制度改革,完善银行的法人治理结构;优化银行业市场结构,促进银行体系效率的提高;国有银行要适当收缩规模,正确配置资源;股份制银行要尽快充实资本金,扩大规模,增强竞争力。     

Exclusive Versus Non-exclusive Dealing in Auctions with Resale

We consider a seller who can either sell exclusively through resellers, or allow potential consumers to purchase directly from him. The consumers’ willingness to pay is private information. All transactions are in the form of second-price sealed bid auctions. We show that, if the resellers can gain access to a substantially bigger portion of the market than the seller himself, the seller obtains a higher revenue by dealing exclusively through them, i.e., by committing to not sell to any consumer. The result is due to a “winner’s curse” effect: the resellers win only if the consumers that they compete against submit lower bids, i.e., if part of their customer base has low valuations. This depresses the resellers’ willingness to pay relative to what they would be willing to pay under an exclusive resale contract. Our results do not depend on the presence of transaction costs: exclusive dealing yields strictly higher revenue even when the resellers can market the item at zero cost. We would like to thank Richard Engelbrecht-Wiggans, Michael Rothkopf and seminar participants at Iowa State University, the Midwest Mathematical Economics meetings, the Milken Institute, Rutgers University, SUNY at Stony Brook Summer Workshop on Game Theory, for helpful comments and suggestions.     

Becoming an acquirer and becoming acquired

This paper considers mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Finland. We explain the likelihood that a firm acquires or is acquired by another firm. We try to find out whether the incidences of M&A are influenced by the firms' R&D activity, measured by the calculated R&D stock. We obtained a very robust result, which says that R&D stock increases the probability that a firm acquires in all industries. In the nonprocessing industries, R&D stock similarly increases the probability that a firm is acquired by another. In the processing industries, the firm's own R&D stock has, however, zero impact on the likelihood that another firm buys a firm concerned. We interpret these results indicating that M&A are used as instruments to transmit knowledge from one firm to another. In the nonprocessing industries, it is evident that knowledge capital cumulated in the target is the main motivation for the purchase. Then a buyer's own R&D—which also increases the probability of the trade—signals that a buyer is efficient in absorbing the purchased new technology. In the processing industries, the motive for acquisition is different. We discovered that in the processing industries, technology is rather transmitted from the buyer's firm than to the purchased firm. It looks like that, in these industries, the firms have decreased their unit costs by means of their R&D activity, and so through M&A, the appeared unit cost differences have been levelled.     

基于知识配置的组织模式

本文认为,知识的分化使得工业经济时代以通用知识的运用为主的组织,演变为更加注重对使用价值较高的专门化知识运用的组织。本文提出,组织知识的分化必然导致组织结构形式的重新设计,知识经济时代的组织理论是一个基于知识配置的组织理论。本文提出了一个分类框架,用以解释知识配置和组织结构形式如何交互作用,从而形成各种不同的组织模式。     

Why does service inclusion matter? The effect of service exclusion on customer indirect misbehavior

In recent years, there has been much conceptual work calling for research on transformative service, and service inclusion in particular. However, quantitative studies focusing on service inclusion are scant, and little is known about customer responses to the opposite of service inclusion, i.e. service exclusion. Taking a transformative research perspective, this study advances the service inclusion literature by focusing on service exclusion and its downstream consequences. We first build the causal link between service exclusion (vs. inclusion) and customer indirect misbehavior, reveal the underlying mechanism, and further identify negative reciprocity beliefs as a boundary condition. The results of three studies suggest that customers who experience service exclusion (vs. inclusion) are more likely to engage in indirect misbehavior (Study 1), and that this effect is mediated by perceived need threat (Study 2). Moreover, the basic effect holds true only for customers with strong negative reciprocity beliefs (Study 3). The findings of this research not only contribute to the literature on transformative services, service inclusion, and social exclusion, but also have managerial implications for marketing practitioners in terms of creating an inclusive service system.