Behavioural heterogeneity and shift-contagion: Evidence from the Asian crisis

In this paper, we propose an empirical model based on the heterogeneous agents literature. Price changes are induced by fundamental, technical, and international factors. The model is estimated for Hong Kong and Thailand surrounding the Asian crisis. We find that the three sources are relevant and that their relative price impact fluctuates conditional on price impact in the previous period. Results imply that the crisis is triggered in Thailand due to an increased focus on the fundamental price, followed by an increase in chartism and finally aggravated by a focus on foreign developments. Furthermore, the crisis deepens in Hong Kong because of increased attention for foreign markets.     

中美贸易摩擦对中国金融市场的溢出效应研究

本文采用事件分析法量化分析中美贸易摩擦对中国股票市场、债券市场和外汇市场风险及跨市场之间风险传染的溢出效应。实证结果发现:第一,贸易摩擦在短期会造成中国各金融市场自身风险的上升。从统计显著性、经济显著性和影响持久度来看,不同市场具有不同的反应特征,且各市场之间存在“市场轮动”现象。第二,贸易摩擦对跨市场风险传染有显著且持久的溢出效应,共同风险敞口及投资者资产配置调整是该溢出效应产生的主要原因,且溢出效应方向的差异体现了资金向安全资产转移的特点。第三,按照贸易摩擦对股、债、汇三个金融市场产生显著溢出效应的先后顺序及溢出峰值由小到大的排序,可将中国金融市场划分为三个风险区,并依此维护金融稳定。     

The subprime credit crisis and contagion in financial markets

I conduct an empirical investigation into the pricing of subprime asset-backed collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and their contagion effects on other markets. Using data for the ABX subprime indexes, I find strong evidence of contagion in the financial markets. The results support the hypothesis that financial contagion was propagated primarily through liquidity and risk-premium channels, rather than through a correlated-information channel. Surprisingly, ABX index returns forecast stock returns and Treasury and corporate bond yield changes by as much as three weeks ahead during the subprime crisis. This challenges the popular view that the market prices of these “toxic assets” were unreliable; the results suggest that significant price discovery did in fact occur in the subprime market during the crisis.     

Market efficiency, the Mexican peso crisis, and the US bank stock returns: An application of the event parameter method

This paper examines the impact of the 1994 Mexican peso crisis on US bank returns using an event parameter approach. The event parameter approach explicitly predicts the stochastic return generating process on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of specific events. The event parameter method assumes that only the intercept term may vary between the estimation and analysis periods. Specifically, this study will examine two pairs of hypotheses, new information vs. information leakage and rational pricing vs. investor contagion, in the context of the 1994 Mexican peso and banking crisis. The empirical results support the new information hypothesis, which states that US stock prices reacted quickly to events related to the Mexican peso crisis. This research has also found evidence for bank contagion, although these did not spill over to other banks. The US government and international agencies acted promptly to contain the effect of the Mexican peso and banking crisis spreading to the US and to other Latin American countries.     

一损俱损:违规事件在企业集团内的传染效应研究

本文以企业集团为对象,研究违规事件的传染效应。利用2003-2015年我国上市公司违规样本,本文发现:(1)当公司发生违规行为而被证监会等监管机构进行处罚公告后,违规公司股价显著下跌的同时,同一集团内其他公司的股价也显著下跌,即违规事件在集团内存在传染效应,而这一传染效应主要存在于与信息披露相关的财务违规事件中;(2)进一步的路径检验发现“被传染公司”较低的盈余质量和集团内财务公司的存在能够解释传染效应的发生;(3)分组检验结果表明:集团内的传染效应在地区市场化程度较低、分析师跟踪人数较少、股权集中度较高的公司和国有企业中更为明显。借助违规事件的传染效应研究视角,本文的研究结果有助于进一步认识新兴市场中的企业集团。     

Jump Interdependencies: Stochastic linkages among international stock markets

This study investigates the volatily jump contagion among the Asian, European (Germany, UK, & France) and US markets. In particular, it examines the stochastic linkages among the international stock markets and analyzes the self and cross-excitation of jumps. The discontinuities in the stochastic volatility of each market are identified and their structural inter-dependencies are analyzed. Our empirical results imply that negative jumps from the USA and Europe are transmitted to the domestic Asian markets, while positive jumps are majorly from the regional markets. Results also imply that the cross-market linkages vary with respect to markets and regimes. Our results have implications for risk management, investment and hedging decisions.     

Financial misreporting and peer firms' operational efficiency

We investigate the impact of financial misreporting on peer firms’ operational efficiency, defined as a firm’s efficiency in converting investments into revenues. We find that, on average, peers’ operational efficiency declines after rival firms misstate their financial performance. However, we also find that the impact of financial misreporting is not homogeneous across peer firms. The negative effect is mainly driven by non‐misstating firms that had high performance. For firms that had lower past performance, the negative effect is significantly weaker, suggesting that the perceived competition induced by misreporting has a more positive effect. In addition, we document that the effect of misreporting is influenced by peer firms’ external financing need, industry leadership status and information environment.     

Capture the contagion network of bitcoin – Evidence from pre and mid COVID-19

COVID-19 is the first global scale crisis since the inception of Bitcoin. We compare the contagion phenomenon of Bitcoin and other financial markets or assets pre and during the COVID-19 shock in both contemporaneous and non-contemporaneous manner. This paper uses the directed acyclic graph (DAG), spillover index, and network topology to provide strong evidence on the directional contagion outcomes of Bitcoin and other assets. The empirical results show that the contagion effect between Bitcoin and developed markets is strengthened during the COVID-19 crisis. Particularly, European market has a dominant role. Excluding Bitcoin’s own shocks, United State and European markets are the main contagion sources to Bitcoin. European market also works as a intermediary to deliver infectious from United State and market fear. The findings show that gold always has contagion effect with Bitcoin, while gold, US dollar and bond market are the contagion receivers of Bitcoin under the shock of COVID-19. The empirical results further proved the safe haven, hedge and diversifier potential of Bitcoin in economic stable time, but also shows that the sustainability of these properties is undermined during the market turmoil.     

Time-varying dependence in European equity markets: A contagion and investor sentiment driven analysis

In the light of the global financial crisis and sovereign debt crisis, this paper investigates the dependence patterns in 24 European equity markets from January 5, 2004 to July 1, 2016. We further examine whether these stressful events trigger contagion. Given that investors tend to behave irrationally in turmoil periods, we add to the literature by studying the effect of investor sentiment on markets correlations. Our results reveal heterogeneity in the time-varying dependence and across markets. Contagion is confirmed in turbulent times, a spillover effect from periphery euro area being detected. We find that similar sentiments increase correlations, especially in crises, suggesting that investors’ perceptions are an important channel of moving markets in the same direction. Furthermore, negative sentiments, such as fear or pessimism, amplify the linkages between markets. Our results offer useful insights to policy makers for reacting timely to financial shocks and for designing a more integrated market.     

The contagion effects of volatility indices across the U.S. and Europe

This research adopts an autoregressive conditional jump intensity (ARJI) model by utilizing intraday data of overlapping trading hours to analyze the global contagion effects of sentimental responses and volatility dynamics through the volatility indices of the U.S. and three major European countries. The results show strong evidence of contagion effects among the volatility indices. For regional effects, compared to the other two European indices (VFTSE and VCAC), the volatility index of Germany (VDAX) generates greater impacts on the other indices, and we also observe bi-directional causalities among these three countries. The findings support the meteor shower hypothesis among the sample countries. Additionally, jump innovations in Germany affect investor sentiments with the fastest convergence speed. Finally, the jump convergence speed in the UK is slower, and the impacts of unexpected news could also last longer for UK investors.