担保圈风险成因探析及防范对策

作为近年来大量涌起的一种保证形态-“担保圈”,其风险因担保过度的驱使,在经济逆向波动中表现出某种不可控的放大趋势,演化成一定程度上的区域性风险隐患。本文对担保圈的概念、成因及风险特征进行了深入剖析,总结了部分地区化解担保圈风险的经验。最后,从政府、银行、企业、金融管理部门等多方面入手,对如何有效防范和化解担保圈贷款风险提出了对策建议。     

On the relationship between robustness to incomplete information and noise-independent selection in global games

This note demonstrates that a symmetric 3×3 supermodular game may fail to have any equilibrium robust to incomplete information. Since the global game solution in symmetric 3×3 supermodular games is known to be independent of the noise structure, this result implies that a noise-independent selection in global games may not be a robust equilibrium. Our proof reveals that the assumption in global games that the noise errors are independent of the state imposes a non-trivial restriction on incomplete information perturbations.     

Vintage capital and creditor protection

We provide novel evidence linking the level of creditor protection provided by law to the degree of usage of technologically older, vintage capital in the airline industry. Using a panel of aircraft-level data around the world, we find that better creditor rights are associated with both aircraft of a younger vintage and newer technology, as well as firms with larger aircraft fleets. We propose that by mitigating financial shortfalls, enhanced legal protection of creditors facilitates the ability of firms to make large capital investments, adapt advanced technologies, and foster productivity.     

近朱者赤:幸福的传染效应——基于CLDS 2014-2016的实证分析

研究他人幸福感对个体幸福感的影响有助于更加全面地理解和评价公共政策的真实效果,如何有效识别幸福感人际传递的因果关系是分析幸福传染效应的核心问题。文章利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据,以社区为参照单位讨论与检验了人际间的幸福传染效应及其作用机制。研究发现：在控制了个人、家庭与社区层面的相关因素后,社区其他人的幸福感对个体幸福感有显著的正向影响。同时,分别以社区其他人的父母教育程度以及受访时间和天气作为工具变量,并进行两阶段最小二乘估计（2SLS）的结果依然支持“幸福会传染”的结论。此外,包括指标、样本和方法调整在内的稳健性检验仍显示结果一致可靠。从群体差异来看,幸福的传染效应更加明显地发生于农村、家庭收入较低,以及自身幸福感和社会资本处于中高水平的群体。幸福在人际间传染的主要渠道有两条：一是个体通过捕捉模仿或认知联想他人的情绪与行为来改变其精神健康与社会信任水平,进而影响其幸福状态;二是他人积极的情绪与反馈有助于社会网络的构建与发展,从而通过促进社会互助影响个体的幸福感。幸福传染效应的存在为完善政策与项目的全面评估、加强社会文化基础设施的建设,以及促进正能量的传播等提供了参考与启示。     

基于互谱分析的证券市场危机传染研究

以次贷危机为背景,通过互谱分析实证研究了美国和中国证券市场的危机传染效应.研究结果表明,次贷危机发生后美国和中国证券市场之间的关联性在短期内发生了显著性的加强,说明两个证券市场之间发生了危机传染.在危机传染中虽然中国证券市场在非常短的周期内会影响到美国证券市场,但主要是美国证券市场领先中国证券市场.     

Spillover effects of the 2008 financial crisis on NIE stock markets

This article estimates dynamic conditional correlations of stock returns across countries by using DCC–GARCH model and analyse spillover effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the NIE’s stock markets. The results show that there is no regime shift in mean equation of the correlation coefficient during the financial crisis. It may imply there are no mean spillover effects of the US financial crisis on the NIE’s stock markets. However, there are volatility spillover effects of the financial crisis sparked in 2008 from the US to the NIE’s markets.     

Analysis of contagion from the dynamic conditional correlation model with Markov Regime switching

Over the last decades, the transmissions of international financial events have been the subject of many academic studies focused on multivariate volatility models. This study evaluates the financial contagion between stock market returns. The econometric model employed, regime switching dynamic correlation (RSDC). A modification was made in the original RSDC model, the introduction of the GJR-GARCH-N and also GJR-GARCH-t models, on the equation of conditional univariate variances, thus allowing us to capture the asymmetric effects in volatility and also heavy tails. A database was built using series of indices in the United States (S&P500), the United Kingdom (FTSE100), Brazil (IBOVESPA) and South Korea (KOSPI) from 1 February 2003 to 20 September 2012. Throughout this study the methodology is compared with those frequently found in literature, and the model RSDC with two regimes was defined as the most appropriate for the selected sample with t-Student distribution in the disturbances. The adapted RSDC model used in this article can be used to detect contagion – considering the definition of financial contagion from the World Bank called very restrictive – with the help of the empirical exercise.     

Spatial Aspects of Contagion among Emerging Economies

Abstract

A spatial model is used to specify and then test for the existence of contagion among emerging market economies. We consider both trade and regional channels of contagion. Our results suggest that contagion is a statistically significant factor in foreign exchange markets and, furthermore, its effects are not uniform across the countries considered. Our results also suggest that trade links are significant channels of contagion transmission; on the other hand, geographic distances do not appear to be significant channels of contagion transmission. We also report results which indicate the extent of contagion. These results relate to effects which emanate from one country to another.

Aspects spatiaux de la contagion parmi les économies émergentes

Résumé?Nous faisons usage d'un modèle spatial pour spécifier, puis tester, l'existence d'une contagion parmi les économies des marchés émergents. Nous nous penchons sur les vecteurs commercial et régional de cette contagion. Nos résultats indiquent d'une part que la contagion est un facteur significatif sur le plan statistique dans les marchés à commerce extérieur, d'autre part que ses effets ne sont pas uniformes dans les pays examinés. Nos résultats nous permettent d'affirmer également que les relations commerciales sont des vecteurs significatifs de transmission de la contagion; par contre, les distances géographiques ne semblent pas être des vecteurs significatifs de transmission de la contagion. Nous présentons également des résultats qui soulignent l’étendue de la contagion: ces résultats portent sur les effets émanant d'un pays à un autre.

Aspectos espaciales del contagio entre economias emergentes

Résumén?Se utiliza un modelo espacial para especificar, y luego se comprueba la existencia de contagio entre las economías de mercados emergentes. Consideramos canales de contagio, tanto comerciales como regionales. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el contagio es un factor estadísticamente significativo en los mercados de divisas, así como que sus efectos no son uniformes a través de los países considerados. Nuestros resultados también sugieren que los lazos comerciales son canales significativos para la transmisión de contagio; por otra parte, las distancias geográficas no parecen ser canales significativos de transmisión de contagio. También incluimos resultados que indican la extensión del contagio. Dichos resultados se relacionan con efectos que emanan de un país a otro.

     

银行竞争与银行业稳定研究述评

近期有大量文献分别从竞争与银行风险转嫁激励,竞争与银行授信行为, 以及竞争与银行危机传染等不同的角度研究了银行竞争与银行业稳定之间是否存在权衡关系。虽然理论研究和实证研究并未就此达成一致的看法,但某些观点对于制定银行管制政策却给出了新的思路。     

Completeness,interconnectedness and distribution of interbank exposures—a parameterized analysis of the stability of financial networks

This paper assesses the impact of a certain structure of interbank exposures on the stability of a stylized financial system. Given a certain balance sheet structure of financial institutions, a large number of valid matrices of interbank exposures is created by a random generator. Assuming a certain loss given default, domino effects are simulated. The main results are, first, that financial stability depends not only on the completeness and interconnectedness of the network, but also on the distribution of interbank exposures within the system (measured by entropy). Second, looking at random graphs, the sign of the correlation between the degree of equality of the distribution of claims and financial stability depends on the connectivity of the financial system as well as on additional parameters that affect the vulnerability of the system to interbank contagion. Third, the more concentrated the assets are within a money center model, the less stable it is. Fourth, a money center model with asset concentration among core banks is less stable than a random graph with banks of homogeneous size.