企业环境成本核算的障碍与对策

工业经济快速发展造成了日益严重的环境问题。实施环境成本核算、采取措施控制环境成本对实现可持续发展是非常必要的。目前实施环境成本核算存在观念、制度和技术等方面的障碍。转变观念、强化企业社会责任教育、加强会计法制建设、完善市场调节等将对环境成本核算有积极促进意义。     

人民币资本帐户对外开放的战略分析

东南亚金融危机的爆发 ,使我国对实现人民币在资本项下可兑换问题进行更加深入的思考成为必要。本文主要分析在实行资本项目下人民币可兑换的过程中为减少金融风险而必须注意的问题     

Capital Inflows to Hungary in 1995–96 and the Accompanying Policy Responses

In order to analyze the composition and effects of, and the policy responses to, capital inflows to Hungary during 1995–96, we present an analytical framework that emphasizes the distinction between net capital flows to the private and public sectors (the latter includes the government and the central bank). This distinction is essential in Hungary's case, because figures for overall net inflows conceal the fact that huge net capital inflows to the private sector were accompanied by large repayments of foreign public debt, covered by significant privatization revenues. We present indicators of the domestic monetary impact of net capital inflows in order to analyze the magnitude, costs, and effects of sterilization. We note that extensive sterilization and the use of privatization revenues for public debt repayment largely explain why capital inflows to Hungary did not have significant effects on the real economy or on domestic monetary aggregates in the period reviewed.     

Demographic changes, saving, and current account: An analysis based on a panel VAR model

This paper empirically investigates the macroeconomic effects of demographic changes, focusing on saving rates and current account balances. The econometric investigation based on the panel VAR model shows substantial demographic effects on national saving rates and current account balances in the major advanced (G-7) countries. An increase in the dependency rate significantly lowers saving rates, especially public saving rates. Further, a higher dependency rate significantly worsens current account balances.     

我国加入WTO后结算业务所面临的挑战和对策

随着中国加入WTO后，我国的市场将进一步扩大开放，这给我国的结算业务提供了广阔的空间，但同时也带来了许多新的挑战。本主要对国内结算和国际结算进行了分析和比较，找出两的不同点，并分析了国内结算和国际结算的差距。提出了中国加入WTO之后，我国结算业务面临的挑战和发展对策。     

How does a devaluation affect the current account?

This paper explores how an exchange rate devaluation affects the current account in a sticky-price inter-temporal optimizing model. The main issue addressed is how the features of international pricing affect the response of the current account. When prices are all set in the producer's currencies, the effect of a devaluation on the current account depends on the conventional Marshall–Lerner conditions. This is fundamentally an a-temporal condition (depending on the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods). However, when prices are all set in consumer's currencies, the response of the current account depends upon the size of the inter-temporal elasticity of substitution of consumption across time periods. This represents an inter-temporal condition. When pricing-to-market is partial, the effect of devaluation on the current account depends on the strength of the a-temporal elasticity relative to the inter-temporal elasticity.     

Can interest rate spreads stabilize the euro area?

Since the onset of the financial crisis significant interest rate spreads have arisen between euro area countries, both for public and private debt. We check whether these spreads could be made to work towards the goal of providing more stability to the euro area. In particular, we focus on reducing the imbalances that arose between the core and peripheral members of the euro area in the first decade of its existence. The idea is that stable positive spreads in peripheral countries could have decreased domestic demand, preventing the boom–bust cycles that plagued these economies. They could also prevent such developments in the future. We construct a panel model for euro area countries and estimate the relationship between real interest rates and the current account balance. Next, we use the estimated parameters to perform simulations. We find that spreads on real interest rates of 0.6–5.5 percentage points would have been necessary to stabilize external positions of the four peripheral euro area member countries.     

出口价格协调行为的反垄断法问题

我国出口贸易的现实情况表明,出口价格协调行为有其存在的必要性。但是,由于出口国和进口国反垄断法对于出口价格协调行为的不同态度,导致出口价格协调行为存在一定的法律风险。对此,我们应该从民间和国家两个层面采取各种有效措施,积极应对潜在的反垄断法律风险,以保护我国出口企业的利益。     

论FDI与中国国际收支的关系

近年来 ,外商直接投资在我国迅猛增长 ,2 0 0 2年总额已达 5 2 7.43亿美元 ,占世界直接投资总额近 1 / 1 0。外商直接投资在我国经济发展中所发挥的作用和影响在不断扩大和加深。将从直接与间接影响两个方面 ,研究外商直接投资与中国国际收支的相互关系 ,并结合我国对外直接投资的具体情况提出了相应对策与建议。     

我国城镇养老金制度改革方案的对比研究——一种制度设计的可行性研究

作为我国社会保障制度改革的重要部分之一,城镇养老金制度改革的重要性日益凸显出来.城镇养老金制度的选择决定着我国社会经济在未来能否持续健康地发展.试图在比较基金积累制和现收现付制两种制度设计的同时,结合我国社会经济以及人口方面的特点,提出一种制度设计,并从技术、制度和经济三方面进行可行性分析.