我国灵活就业的雇佣关系

在我国传统计划经济时期的安置就业退出历史舞台以后,灵活就业逐渐成为我国社会实现充分就业的主要渠道。与此相适应,就是灵活就业也给我们带来了多样化的雇佣关系。本文在两年多的专题调查研究基础上,分析了我国灵活就业劳动雇佣关系的现状特点,对灵活就业群体及其雇主做了分类,对雇佣关系引发的冲突问题作了归纳分析,对不同类型的灵活就业的雇佣关系提出了规范化管理的思路和对策建议。     

产品召回制度中发展缺陷抗辩存在与否辨析

产品召回制度是一项完全不同于产品责任制度的产品安全管理制度,前者属于公法,后者属于私法.抗辩作为对请求权的对抗,是民法中的概念,不可能在公法中存在.产品召回制度的主要任务是消除产品中存在的系统性缺陷,保护公共安全,而发展缺陷是一种最为典型的系统性缺陷,其中不可能有发展缺陷抗辩存在的空间.发展缺陷抗辩有助于厂商免除或减轻其产品责任,而不可能免除或减轻其召回义务.在产品责任诉讼中,发展缺陷抗辩的成立与否还须以产品召回义务的严格履行为前提.     

论我国住宅地震保险基金的建立

我国是世界上地震灾害最严重的地区之一,但与此同时,并未建成相应的住宅地震保险基金,导致地震发生时,民众住宅无法得到保障,生活和生产受到影响。本文从地震的可保性出发,在借鉴了美国、日本以及我国台湾地区建立住宅地震保险基金上的经验后,得到若干建立中国住宅地震保险基金的启示。     

Sources of and Responses to the Liability of Foreignness: The Case of Korean Companies in the Netherlands

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the liability of foreignness, or the additional difficulties of foreign companies compared to their local competitors. Past studies have found fair amount of empirical evidences for the liability of foreignness. The present study attempts to take one step further by addressing two questions: what are the sources of such disadvantages and what are the solutions sought by the companies? To do this, we conducted a field study exploring the on-going dynamics of foreign multinationals. Specifically, we collected primary data through interviews with Dutch and Korean managers of Korean multinational companies. Through the interviews, we found evidence for the existence of such disadvantages. We identified four sources of the liability of foreignness—cross-border transfer, interaction with the local government, local discrimination, and interaction within the multinational—and two ways in which these companies actively reduced their exposure to the problem—localization and unfamiliarity reduction. This study should be useful to both practitioners and theorists in international business with an interest in disadvantages connected to the foreign status of a company.     

Does “skin in the game” reduce risk taking? Leverage,liability and the long-run consequences of new deal banking reforms

This essay examines how the Banking Acts of the 1933 and 1935 and related New Deal legislation influenced risk taking in the financial sector of the U.S. economy. The analysis focuses on contingent liability of bank owners for losses incurred by their firms and how the elimination of this liability influenced leverage and lending by commercial banks. Using a new panel data set, we find contingent liability reduced risk taking. In states with contingent liability, banks used less leverage and converted each dollar of capital into fewer loans, and thus could survive larger loan losses (as a fraction of their portfolio) than banks in limited liability states. In states with limited liability, banks took on more leverage and risk, particularly in states that required banks with limited liability to join the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In the long run, the New Deal replaced a regime of contingent liability with deposit insurance, stricter balance sheet regulation, and increased capital requirements, shifting the onus of risk management from bankers to state and federal regulators.     

China's outward foreign direct investment

China's outward foreign direct investment (FDI) is steadily increasing. The United States is now a key target for China's outward FDI, and the response by the American public tends to fall at opposite ends of the spectrum: fever or fear. Chinese FDI in the United States faces challenges posed by its liability of foreignness in political, cultural, marketing, and technological aspects. Utilizing mini case studies, we herein examine the polarized responses to Chinese outward direct investment, its history, and the challenges faced by Chinese multinational corporations operating in or attempting to enter the U.S. market. Finally, strategy suggestions are proposed.     

The Impact of Brand Delisting on Store Switching and Brand Switching Intentions

A tool retailers often use to improve their negotiating position with brand manufacturers is to delist - or threaten to delist - the manufacturers’ brand. Because brand manufacturers rely mainly on retailers to sell their products to consumers, a brand delisting will cause a sales loss for the brand manufacturer. Therefore, many brand manufacturers feel enormous pressure to give in and improve buying conditions to favor the retailer. The question thus emerges: Can a brand manufacturer resist a retailer's threat to delist its brand(s)? If a brand delisting severely hurts retail sales, it is easier for a brand manufacturer to resist. The authors study the impact of brand delistings on store switching and brand switching using a controlled online experiment and in-store shopper survey. They develop and test a conceptual model with several antecedents of consumers’ reactions to a brand delisting and conclude that brand equity, market share, and the products’ hedonic level drive store and brand switching.     

资本不是资本主义特有的经济范畴

资本作为经济学范畴,其存在以社会经济条件为转移。我国目前存在资本赖以存在的社会经济条件──生产的社会化、生产资料与劳动力分离、企业制度。在社会主义市场经济条件下,资本的本质属性仍然是能够带来价值增值的价值、与资本相伴生的剩余价值（又称剩余产品）同样存在于我们的经济生活之中。所不同的是,由于各种经济成分的存在而分属不同的所有者。马克思在《资本论》中阐述的资本一般运动规律,其中包括资本循环与资本周转理论、总资本再生产理论、资本积累理论和资本集中理论,对我们的社会主义经济建设事业仍然具有重要指导意义。     

期待可能性论对预防刑罚观之实践问题的消解

期待可能性论与预防主义刑罚观是两个不同范畴、不同功能的刑法理论，二者出现了结合的态势。积极预防刑罚观导致刑法过度化问题，“立法要扩张，司法要谦抑”，需要运用责任论加以限制。责任理论也朝着机能化方向发展。期待可能性是现代责任论的核心。机能责任论作为一种升级版的规范责任论，在其理论框架中，期待可能性概念的地位虽然受到了一定限制，但并没有被完全否定，而是作为决定行为人对法律态度的一个根据被提出来。期待可能性依然具有刑法合理评价的价值，积极的一般预防主义本身也不排斥期待可能性，相反，应借助期待可能性论纠正一般预防观在实践中扩大打击面的弊端。我国立法规定为运用期待可能性论宽恕犯罪人提供了必要的空间，但现行教科书将期待不可能性作为无罪过事件并不科学。只有在刑事责任范畴中确定期待可能性论，才可以有效维持期待可能性论的两种评价功能。对网信犯罪的处理，可以进一步验证该理论的合理性。     

中国律师刑事辩护的现状及对策

刑事辩护是律师职业的起点，律师参与刑事辩护，对保障公民的基本人权和国家法律的正确适用，起到重要作用。但由于种种原因，律师刑事辩护境遇尴尬，律师的执业权利得不到保障，有必要对此进行分析研究，采取相应的对策，以完善律师刑事辩护制度。