数字经济,营商环境与企业家精神--基于“智慧城市”的准自然实验

文章以2010-2019年中国285个地级市为样本,借助智慧城市设立的“准自然实验”,分析数字经济对企业家精神的影响。首先对中国城市营商环境进行评价,并结合面板门槛回归、中介效应模型等方法,检验了数字经济对企业家精神成长的影响效应及理论机制。结果表明,通过直接和间接两种路径,数字经济显著地提升了城市企业家精神,营商环境对企业家精神的影响呈边际递增效应。异质性分析发现,相较于南方城市,数字经济对北方城市企业家精神的正向影响更为明显;相较于直辖市和副省级城市,数字经济对外围城市企业家精神的促进效果更为明显。     

“四大”分所落户能否缓解区域企业融资约束？——基于多时点双重差分模型的实证检验

融资约束是掣肘企业发展的关键因素之一，知名事务所分所落户能否缓解企业融资约束仍有待探索。基于2007—2021年沪深A股上市公司的面板数据，将“四大”分所落户视作准自然实验，构建多时点双重差分模型，探究其对企业融资约束的影响及内在机理。结果表明，“四大”分所落户显著缓解了当地企业融资约束程度。机制检验及进一步研究发现，“四大”分所落户通过改善当地营商环境和提升企业透明度两个渠道来缓解企业融资约束，且缓解效果因企业性质和内外部治理水平不同而存在差异。研究结论为深入推进会计师事务所做强做优、做专做精提供参考，同时也对破解企业融资困境，促进资本市场资源配置和区域高质量发展具有一定启示意义。     

The Spillover Effects of Environmental Regulations: A Perspective of Chinese Unregulated Firms' Tax Burden

Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects. Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment, our results show that environmental regulations significantly increase the tax burden of unregulated firms. Environmental regulations generate spillover effects on firms that should not be subjected to regulatory policies. Further channel analysis shows that the fiscal pressure of local governments caused by environmental regulations is a major channel for the increase in the tax burden of unregulated firms. Finally, according to the heterogeneity results, the spillover effects are more pronounced in small firms, non-state-owned enterprises, and provinces with stricter enforcement. Our findings emphasize the additional costs of environmental policies, and the government should consider these costs when formulating policies.     

The effects of an environmental accountability system on local environmental governance and firms’ emissions

The Chinese central government introduced the environmental accountability system (EAS) policy in 2006 to encourage local governments to execute environmental policies appropriately. However, the effects of this EAS policy have not been investigated at the firm level. In this study, we first measured the environmental governance intensity of local governments by calculating the environment word portion (EWP) of the annual governments’ work reports and found that local governments increased their efforts after the EAS policy implementation. We then constructed a continuous difference-in-difference (DID) strategy to estimate the effect of the EAS on firms’ emission and found that firms significantly reduced their sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emission under the regulation intensity of local governments after the EAS policy. The reductions are mainly because of the private, non-export, labour- and capital-intensive firms. The EAS policy may encourage firms to reduce coal usage, design more products, decrease capacity investment and even withdraw from the market, thus reducing pollutant emission. Finally, we tested firms’ response in various polluting sectors and found that the EAS policy may cause local governments to fail in distinguishing low pollution sectors from high pollution sectors.     

行政区划调整与地区市场主体活力*——基于“撤县设区”政策与创业活动的视角

本文采用双重差分法（DID）考察了“撤县设区”政策对撤并县域创业活动的影响。研究发现“撤县设区”政策可以显著提高撤并县域的创业活跃度和创业规模。本文从劳动力要素和土地要素使用的视角，解释了“撤县设区”政策影响地区创业活动的机制，发现“撤县设区”政策显著提高了撤并县域的劳动力流入，降低了农业用地使用面积；本文还发现“撤县设区”政策对创业活动的促进效应在公司制企业和第二、第三产业中更强；在调节效应方面，本文发现当撤并县域所在地级市的基础设施水平越高、营商环境越好时，“撤县设区”政策对撤并县域创业活跃度的正向影响越强。     

培育类产业政策对中小企业技术创新的影响

通过手工收集地方政府培育类政策并与2007—2019年中国中小板和创业板上市企业数据进行匹配，利用多期DID模型检验其对中小企业创新的影响。结果表明，培育类政策对中小企业创新起长期显著促进作用，但政府认定次数增加并不能推动中小企业创新由量转质的飞跃。进一步地，培育类政策可通过激发创新意愿、加速人才聚集、提升市场关注度促进中小企业创新。异质性分析表明，该类政策对国有中小企业创新促进作用更为显著，且仅对低集中度行业企业起到促进作用，知识产权保护水平较低地区政策激励与创新补偿效应更强。结论可丰富产业政策对中小企业创新影响的经验证据，为完善扶持中小企业创新政策提供决策参考。     

环境规制如何影响了制造企业的成本加成率

本文以“十一五”以来环境规制政策的实质性推进为“准自然实验”，基于2000—2011年《工业企业污染排放数据库》和《中国工业企业数据库》合并得到的微观面板数据，运用双重差分倾向得分匹配方法(PSM-DID)，考察环境规制政策实施对制造企业成本加成率的影响效果及其微观作用机制。研究发现，环境规制政策显著提升了制造企业的成本加成率；环境规制对成本加成率的促进作用主要通过创新补偿机制实现，市场结构变动机制对成本加成率的影响不明显，遵循成本机制对成本加成率的影响为负；环境规制政策对高污染行业和中部地区制造企业成本加成率的促进效果更强。     

Impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Chinese Manufacturing Firms' Financialization and Servitization

This study examines the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on Chinese manufacturing firms' financialization and servitization. Using a difference-in-differences approach with propensity score matching, we found that OFDI encouraged firms' financial and service activities. The effects of OFDI on financialization were stronger for firms specializing in short-term financial assets, operating in labor and technology-intensive sectors, investing overseas to pursue production, resources and markets there, and investing in non-OECD and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. Meanwhile, firms investing overseas were more likely to provide services at the sale or postsale stages. Outward foreign direct investment has also boosted the service activities of firms operating in the technology-intensive sector by investing overseas to seek resources and markets, as well as investing in non-OECD and BRI countries. Finally, OFDI partially influenced the extent of financialization and servitization of firms by affecting their profit-making ability.     

资质认定型创新政策能否促进企业技术创新“增量提质”——来自国家认定企业技术中心政策的证据

作为突破关键核心技术和引领行业技术进步的重要载体,国家认定企业技术中心政策对于经济转型背景下企业创新水平提升是否发挥有效作用及其作用机制值得深入研究。文章利用国家认定企业技术中心政策作为准自然实验,基于2006—2018年中国A股上市公司数据进行实证研究。研究发现,国家认定企业技术中心政策显著提升了以发明专利申请数度量的创新数量及以专利知识宽度衡量的创新质量,具有明显的"增量提质"特征。异质性分析表明,这一促进作用在企业属于国有企业、高新技术行业和所处市场化程度更低时更为明显。影响机制发现,国家认定企业技术中心政策作用于企业技术创新的路径依赖于其能够为企业嫁接财务资源、发挥人才集聚和产学研合作效应。拓展性研究表明,国家企业技术中心认定政策通过知识溢出发挥创新引领示范作用。文章对国家夯实国家认定企业技术中心政策的成果,完善关键核心技术攻关的新型举国体制提供了政策参考。     

Impact of high-speed railway on urban resilience in China: Does urban innovation matter?

Based on calculating the urban resilience index from five aspects of economy, society, institutions, infrastructure, and ecology by adopting the entropy method, this study applies the time-varying DID model to systematically examine HSR's impact on China's urban resilience, on basis of which its heterogeneities and the mediating effect of urban innovation are also quantified. The findings reveal that: (1) HSR can significantly promote China's urban resilience, as supported by various robustness tests. (2) HSR can significantly improve economic and institution resilience of cities, but does not play a significant role on social resilience and infrastructure resilience, and has a negative effect on ecological resilience. (3) The driving effects of HSR on the resilience of core cities, large cities, and non-resource-based cities are more significant. (4) Urban innovation is an important channel through which HSR impacts urban resilience. The conclusions of this study can offer useful insights for China's future HSR planning and resilient cities construction.