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51.
Ali McBride Weijia Wang Kim Campbell Sanjeev Balu Karen MacDonald 《Journal of medical economics》2020,23(8):856-863
AbstractAims: For this economic analysis, we aimed to model: (1) the cost-efficiency of prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez for chemotherapy-induced (febrile) neutropenia (CIN/FN) compared to reference pegfilgrastim, and (2) the expanded access to CIN/FN prophylaxis and anti-neoplastic treatment that could be achieved with biosimilar cost-savings on a budget-neutral basis.Methods: In a hypothetical panel of 20,000 cancer patients receiving CIN/FN prophylaxis and using the average sales price (ASP) for the second quarter of 2019 for reference pegfilgrastim, we: conducted an ex ante simulation from the payer perspective of the cost-savings of 10–100% conversion from reference to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez using drug price discounting ranging from 10–35%; estimated the budget-neutral expanded access to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez enabled by these cost-savings; and estimated the budget-neutral expanded access to anti-neoplastic treatment with pembrolizumab. The simulations were replicated using fourth quarter 2019 wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) for reference pegfilgrastim and biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez in a post facto analysis.Results: In ASP simulations, cost-savings of using pegfilgrastim-bmez over reference pegfilgrastim in a 20,000 patient panel range from $1.3?M (at 15% price discount) to $3?M (35%) at 10% conversion rate and from $6.4?M to $14.9?M, respectively, at 50% conversion. These savings could provide prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim-bmez to an additional 352 (15% discount) to 1,076 patients (35%) at 10% conversion or 1,764–5,384, respectively, at 50% conversion. Alternatively, savings could be reallocated for anti-neoplastic treatment with pembrolizumab to 3 (15% discount) to 9 (35%) patients at 10% conversion or 19–45, respectively, at 50% conversion. When utilizing WAC, cost-savings range from $4.6?M (10% conversion) to $23.1?M (50%) which could provide pegfilgrastim-bmez to an additional 1,174 (10% conversion) to 5,873 patients (50%).Conclusions: Prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez increases the value of cancer care by generating significant cost-savings that could be reallocated to provide expanded access to CIN/FN prevention and anti-neoplastic therapy on a budget-neutral basis. 相似文献
52.
资本结构与代理成本之间的关系始终是研究者关注的焦点。本文认为,资本结构中权益资本和债务资本会引发不同的代理成本,其产生的根源在于管理者与股东以及债权人与权益投资者之间存在不同的利益格局。在第一类和第二类代理冲突中,债务均具有重要的地位,但债务在第二类代理冲突中的作用与第一类冲突中显著不同。当企业股权集中时,大股东掌握着企业的实际控制权,企业的主要代理问题成为控股大股东与中、小股东之间的代理问题,这会导致其资本结构的代理成本与第一类和第二类代理成本显著不同。 相似文献
53.
Robert F. Mulligan 《The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance》2013,53(4):450-459
Hyman Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) is applied to various North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industry groups, and it is found that some sectors develop much more closely in accordance with the FIH than others. Minsky categorized firms based on the relationship between cash flow and debt service requirements: hedge finance units, whose operating revenues are adequate to service current interest and principal on their debt; speculative finance units, which can meet interest payments but cannot pay down principal; and Ponzi finance units, which cannot meet current interest payments. The FIH is related to, as well as supportive of, Austrian Business Cycle (ABC) theory, because interest rates are negatively correlated with the proportion and market value of speculative firms in several sectors. 相似文献
54.
本文首先对我国互联网接入产业的技术经济特征进行了剖析,指出了该产业发展状况和政府监管现状,接着分析了产业监管中面临的主要问题,最后为政府监管部门制定相关产业政策提供建议。 相似文献
55.
56.
本文以我国上市公司面板数据及横截面数据为基础,运用线性回归分析对影响公司负债代理成本的因素进行了实证检验。结果发现,负债代理成本与债务期限结构、公司规模、财务灵活性及盈利能力的变化显著负相关;与公司未来成长性、资产期限、负债规模的变化显著正相关。 相似文献
57.
More than eight years after the introduction of the euro, impacts on developing countries have been relatively modest. Overall, the euro has become much more important in debt issuance than in official foreign exchange reserve holdings. The former has benefited from the creation of a large set of investors for which the euro is the home currency, while demand for euro reserves has been held back by the dominance of the dollar as a vehicle and intervention currency, and the greater liquidity of the market for US treasury securities. Fears of further dollar decline may fuel some shifts out of dollars into euros, however, with the potential for a period of financial instability. 相似文献
58.
林业绿色供应链联盟打破供应链运作过程中各活动环节的割裂与封闭,实现上下游企业之间的密切合作关系,构成一个共生系统。本文运用共生理论来研究林业绿色供应链的联盟成员的选择问题和供应链中联盟成员的构成及数量问题,即林业绿色供应链共生系统的准入机制和增容机制。在准入选择机制方面,针对集团子公司、现有的经常合作的企业、合作较少或未合作过的企业等分别采用无市场竞争准入机制、非竞争型市场机制和完全的竞争市场机制三种不同的准入选择机制。在增容机制方面,从理论上探讨了共生维度和共生密度的均衡临界点,使得系统中共生能量的增加达到最大。 相似文献
59.
The mobile telecommunication market has evolved from simple voice to multimedia services. In the past, the primary players in mobile services were local operators in different countries; international telecommunication vendors, such as Qualcomm and Nokia, were seldom involved in the mobile service market. In order to enter this market, Qualcomm and Nokia have separately introduced their mobile application platforms, called respectively BREW and Preminet. This paper examines how the two companies attempt to share the mobile service market through their mobile platforms and internationalized business models. This paper also analyzes their mobile platforms’ business models and their strategic implications. 相似文献
60.
我国医药产业融资模式、问题与对策——基于全国57家医药上市企业的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
薛新东 《中国医药技术经济与管理》2008,2(8):70-77
资金匮乏已成为制约我国医药产业发展壮大的一个重要因素。本文基于对我国57家医药上市公司融资状况的分析发现,2007年我国医药企业的平均融资总额在23亿元左右。从融资结构来看,股权融资已成为医药企业融资的重要方式;从融资期限来看,医药企业以短期债务融资为主,在对医药产业融资存在问题进行分析的基础上,我们认为应该通过以下方面来促进我国医药产业的融资发展:建立多元化的融资渠道,降低企业融资成本;改变医药企业的短期融资倾向,鼓励发行中长期公司债券;通过产权市场来促进医药企业融资;加大对基础研究方面的投入.设立医药风险投资机构和风险投资基全。 相似文献