Multivariate risk aversion and uninsurable risks: Theory and applications

The objective of this paper is to develop conditions for global multivariate comparative risk aversion in the presence of uninsurable, or background, risks, and thus generalize Kihlstrom and Mirman [1974] and Karni [1979,1989]. We analyze von Neumann-Morgenstern (VNM) utility functionsas well as smooth preference functionals which are nonlinear in distribution but locally linear in probabilities. In each case we provide an economic application which illustrates how our theorems can be used. We analyze a risk sharing, a portfolio choice, and a labor supply problem for VNM utility functions, and the optimal allocation of effort to risky technologies in the presence of a random supply (or quality) of a public good for nonlinear preference functionals. We consider thecase where the random variables are mean-independent as well as the case where they are independent. In the labor supply application for VNM utility functions, we show that if the two risks are independent, the comparative statics effect of greater risk aversion on labor supply in the presence of a background non-wage income risk is determined by a monotonic relationship between labor supply and the wage rate under certainty. That is, we extend the applicability of the Diamond-Stiglitz [1974]-Kihlstrom-Mirman [1974]single-crossing property to the case where an independent background risk is present.     

从“保姆”到“妈妈”——班级管理中的老庄之道

技工学校的学生处于一个特殊的时期,他们渴望成长,渴望独立,但又常做出一些在外人看来很幼稚甚至愚蠢的行为;他们有了初步的是非观,但在许多事情的判断上又常常似是而非。面对这样野马似的学生,班主任的管理就显得非常重要而突出,而班主任的思维方式、角色定位以及观念则决定了管理的效果。培养出什么样的学生和人才,班主任的影响将是很大的。老庄之道有否值得借鉴的地方?在陷入迷茫时,不妨静下心来吸收精华,多作思考,或许会有新发现。     

三式簿记发展的趋势分析

簿记是人类经济社会发展的产物,它经历了从无到有、从单式到复式的发展变化过程。正像复式簿记取代单式簿记一样,三式簿记终将取代复式簿记。本人认为,现代簿记对象可以抽象为资金运动,任何资金运动都具有:资金来龙、资金去脉、资金动因三维性,资金运动的三维性是建立三式簿记的客观基础。     

企业边界:基于动态效率的分析

企业边界是企业理论关注的一个焦点,不同的理论分支对之有不一样的见解.本文在批判了新制度经济学中用边际交易成本解释企业边界论的基础上,从企业的知识、能力出发,按照动态效率标准对企业边界提出了自己的看法,即企业依据自身情况制定的发展战略是影响企业边界的重要因素.     

产出吸引、制度演进与增量改革的产权边界——基于中国制度演进路径的动态考察

制度演进理论将制度变迁行为归结为制度主体对环境的学习和适应过程,在完全信息和缺乏外在约束条件下,制度将会按照某种方式向最优的均衡路径逼近。但是,信息的不完全性、经济实体的制度兼容性以及转轨经济面临的产权、效率约束都会改变制度演进的路径和结果。根据Barro(1991)和Skott(1999)的分析框架,通过构建制度的动态演进方程,文章对在一定约束条件下的制度演进长期均衡路径进行了考察,勾勒出一幅全新的制度演进图景。同时,运用相关的宏观经济数据,文章考察了模型对中国经济制度演进路径的解释能力。     

Counting outputs,capital inputs and caring labor: Estimating gross household product

The estimation of Gross Household Product, the economic value added by the unpaid work and own capital of households outside the boundary of the System of National Accounts, should be addressed through household input-output satellite accounts which count household outputs, value them at market prices, and include an allowance for capital as a factor of production. This paper uses internationally comparable survey data to estimate the relative magnitudes of the gender division of the millions of hours of paid, unpaid and total work in twelve OECD countries, puts a dollar value on Gross Household Product in Australia, looks more closely at who provides care and nurture in households and suggests some urgent issues for attention.     

金融契约理论:基于控制权视角的最新研究

如何构建有效的金融契约是经济转型过程中提升我国企业公司治理效率、保护投资者利益的关键.最近兴起的金融契约理论突破传统的现金流思路.从控制权视角考察企业内部控制权配置机制及时各利益主体行动策略的影响.论文从控制权视角出发,系统回顾了金融契约理论的相关成果,并指出了目前该领域研究存在的主要局限.本文研究将对我国企业融资决策、内部公司治理和外部资本市场金融创新等具有一定的实践启示.     

防城港市旅游资源优势及旅游开发策略

防城港市地处中越边境,是我国大西南地区通往越南和东南亚的交通要道,区位优势明显。这里有辽阔的海滩,茂密的热带季雨林,成群的白鹭,生长在大海中的红树林以及迷人的京族民族风情等自然与人文旅游资源。要充分利用西部大开发这一难得机遇,大力发展旅游业,把本市建设成为环境优美、有一定影响力的旅游城市。     

基于多级模糊层次综合评价法的资源承载力研究

本文采用多级模糊层次综合评价法和聚类分析方法对全国30个省市区(不包括西藏、台湾、香港、澳门,下同)的资源承载能力进行了分析,对新疆资源承载力模糊综合评价结果和聚类分析结果进行了综合评价,指出了我国各省市区资源承载力的水平状态以及所处的位次和层次,探讨了各省市区资源承载力区际差异的主要原因。研究结果表明,各省市区间的资源承载力差别很大,东部经济发达的各省市资源承载力较高,显示出经济发展对资源承载力提升的互补性明显,西部经济落后的各省市区资源承载力较差,显示出其对自然资源承载力依赖度较高。     

Anatomy of Russia’s market segmentation1

Based on a relationship between price difference and demand difference among locations, the role of various market frictions in causing segmentation of the Russian goods market is analysed. The spatial sample covers most of Russian regions (70 of the 89); the data are annual, spanning 1992 to 2000. Spatial disconnectedness of regions is found to be responsible for about 70 percent of the average price differential, while the rest is caused by ‘artificial’ impediments to market integration such as regional protectionism, organized crime and intra‐region shipping conditions.