"纳税评估"理论基础及其指标体系研究

纳税评估工作是税收征管体系的核心内容。在充分考察国外成熟的纳税评估理论与方法研究基础上，探讨纳税评估在税收管理理论和实务中的枢纽作用和基础地位。最后构建了纳税评估指标体系，提出纳税评估工作今后的发展方向。     

规范农（副）产品批发市场建设的对策

农（副）产品批发市场的历史成因和现存问题,不利于调动农民的生产积极性,对于扩大内需,拉动经济,构建社会主义市场经济体系也都是极其不利的,因此确定政府主管部门,彻底解决“群龙治水”的局面,通过税费改革以及提高市场管理人员素质,增强现代管理设施的投入,指导产地生产,疏通流通渠道,加强市场管理,健全法律法规等项综合治理措施,是规范农（副）产品批发市场建设的必然选择。农（副）产品批发市场的规范建设,是开拓     

政策性农业保险推广对农民收入的增进效应与作用路径解析--对渐进性试点的准自然实验研究

政策性农业保险作为重要的支农政策工具之一,除了起到农业风险管理作用之外,从长期来看还具有促进农民增收等效应。本文通过对已有文献进行梳理,讨论了政策性农业保险推广对农民收入增加的作用路径,并基于准自然实验的思路,将我国各省开展政策性农业保险试点作为外生冲击,利用2000~2016年的省级数据,使用渐进性双重差分的方法,评估政策性农业保险推广对农村居民收入以及收入结构的长期影响效果。研究发现,政策性农业保险试点对农村居民人均农业收入和人均非农收入的影响均是正向显著的,并且有助于区域内农村居民非农收入比重提高,这一效果随试点时间推进不断强化。此外,本文进一步检验了政策性农业保险推广对于城乡关系的间接效应,发现政策性农业保险试点对城镇居民收入的影响不大,对城乡收入差距缩小具有一定作用。     

基于目标替代率的税延型商业养老保险扣除限额优化研究

我国养老保障体系三支柱发展严重失衡,为了缓解基本养老保险的压力,提升养老保险替代率,商业养老保险的发展迫在眉睫,税收递延型商业养老保险也开始试点。在2018年个税改革后,目前税收递延型商业养老保险推行办法下,中低收入群体无法享受实际税收优惠,高收入群体可享受的税收优惠有限且过低。本文以替代率为基准,根据精算平衡原理构建模型,对扣除限额进行优化研究,试图测算出与新个税办法匹配且有利于多层次收入水平的消费个体享受实际税优的扣除限额。同时,本文还对不同扣除限额下开始购买保险年龄、个税起征点、个人收益率及初始收入水平这四个参数变化对实际税优额的影响做了分析,得出所测算出的扣除限额的确较现行扣除限额更为合理,并提出了相关对策建议。     

Progression and revenue effects of income tax reform

Usually, only initial revenue effects of personal income tax reforms are considered. However, a tax reform characterized by base broadening in exchange for rate reduction can reduce the income elasticity of tax revenue. In that case, the increase in revenue after income growth will be relatively smaller: the tax reform has a negative effect on revenue in the second period. Using the microtax model of the Central Planning Bureau we simulated the effects of the Dutch Oort reform 1990 on revenue elasticities and, consequently, on tax revenue. The income tax revenue elasticity declined by 17 percent which caused an additional revenue loss of 0.6 percent in 1990, rising to 3.8 percent in 1993.     

China''''s Cooperative Exploration of Oil and Gas and Its Taxation System

China' s foreign-oriented oil taxation system has, from the beginning, been based upon the positive experiences of other oil-producing countries and has incorporated common international practices. The system has been perfected over decades. It of fers more incentives than other oil-producing countries in the following four aspects: (1) Income tax has a "wide tax base and low tax rate"; (2) VAT levies a low tax rate on ma-     

Tax Competition and International Public Goods

A well known result in the tax competition literature is that tax rates are set too low in the Nash equilibrium to finance an efficient level of public consumption goods. In this model we introduce international spillovers in public goods provision and show that such spillovers reduce, and in the limiting case of perfect spillovers, eliminate tax competition. There is, however, always underprovision of the public good in equilibrium, since larger spillovers increase the problem of free riding. In an extension to the model, we demonstrate that congestion costs may result in overprovision of the public good.     

Why Capital Income Taxes Survive in Open Economies: The Role of Multinational Firms

This paper discusses the role of multinational firms and double taxation treaties for corporate income taxation in open economies. We show that it is optimal for a small open economy to levy positive corporate income taxes if multinational firms are taxed according to the full taxation after deduction system or the foreign tax credit system. Positive corporate taxes also occur in the asymmetric case where some countries apply the exemption system and others apply the tax credit system. If all countries apply the exemption system, the optimal corporate income tax is zero. We also show that, under tax competition, corporate income taxes are not necessarily too low from the perspective of the economy as a whole. While the undertaxation result is confirmed for the case of the exemption system, tax rates may also be inefficiently high if the deduction or the credit systems are applied.     

我国保险公司税收制度的完善

我国保险公司税制存在诸多弊端 ,如 :中外资保险公司所得税待遇不同 ,营业税负担过重等 ,阻碍了保险业的发展。笔者建议在考虑政策目标 ,税收原则 ,最终纳税人等相关因素的前提下 ,改革现行保险公司税制。如 :统一中外资保险公司所得税税率 ,降低营业税率并实行差别税率等。     

增值税征税范围的国际比较与思考

本文通过对国际上实施增值税国家的增值税征税范围的比较分析 ,指出我国现行增值税在征税范围上存在的对于农业和劳务处理方面的问题。提出借鉴外国增值税转型经验改革我国增值税制在征税范围上的规定 ,以完善我国增值税制度