The historical roots of India’s service-led development: A sectoral analysis of Anglo-Indian productivity differences, 1870-2000

India fell further behind the UK in terms of GDP per capita and overall labour productivity between the 1870s and the 1970s, but has been catching-up since. This paper offers a sectoral analysis of these trends. Comparative India/UK labour productivity in agriculture has declined continuously, and agriculture still accounts for around two-thirds of employment in India. Agriculture thus played a key role in India’s falling behind and has subsequently slowed down the process of catching up. Although there have been substantial fluctuations in comparative India/UK labour productivity in industry, this sector has exhibited no long run trend. The only sector to exhibit an upward trend in comparative India/UK labour productivity is services. India’s recent emergence as a dynamic service-led economy thus appears to have long historical roots. Although India has been characterised by relatively low levels of physical and human capital formation overall, its education provision has historically been unusually skewed towards secondary and tertiary levels. This has provided a limited supply of high productivity workers who have been employed predominantly in services.     

Ecosystem services–biodiversity relationships depend on land use type in floodplain agroecosystems

Managing agricultural floodplains to meet present and future human requirements without jeopardizing biodiversity conservation is a challenge for land use planners and ecologists. This paper aims to disentangle the relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity in multifunctional landscapes, such as floodplain agroecosystems, by disaggregating their values across land use types. We measured eight ecosystem services (gas regulation, soil formation, nutrient regulation, habitat provision, food provision, raw materials production, education, and recreation) and six plant diversity indexes (richness, abundance, and true diversity for both plant species and growth forms) in seven land use types identified in the floodplain of the River Piedra (Spain). We observed that all land use types provided services to some extent, but each one was better at providing certain services. Natural or semi-natural habitats provided more services and hosted greater diversity than cultivated land use types. In addition, five diversity indexes were strongly correlated to at least three ecosystem services each one. Habitat provision and education were the ecosystem services positively correlating to most diversity indexes, whereas food provision was negatively correlated to all diversity indexes. Moreover, analyzing the interactions between ecosystem services and biodiversity across land use types, we observed that land use type was the controlling factor regarding the sign and significance of the interaction. The results of this study suggest that, in floodplains agroecosystems, a mosaic landscape of different land use types helps support ecosystem services and contributes to maintaining biodiversity while using local resources. Such land use policies might manage agricultural floodplains at the landscape scale while still being able to accommodate specific measures for each land use type. Moreover, riparian forests should be preserved and restored across the floodplain as they are hot spots for biodiversity and ecosystem services provision.     

Site Selection by Professionals

No abstract available for this article.     

21世纪社区社会工作所面临的新挑战:以西班牙为例

我们这个复杂的社会所面临的结构性问题,如2007年秋季由美国债券市场崩溃所引发的经济危机,要求社会干预从社区社会工作的立场中复兴.本文中,我们讨论的是在西班牙社会工作专业所面临的实践挑战.首先,我们是从在西班牙过去的两年里开展的社区社会行动计划中得出的结论,同时我们在设计为复苏网络和现实中的社区的网络方法论中也得到了经验.总之,在社区背景下我们形成了成功社会干预实践的十点建议.     

The performance of British manufacturing in the Post-War long boom

This article questions the notion which has gained ground recently in the writing of Booth and others that British manufacturing did not fail in the post-Second World War long boom, 1950–1973. By all the traditional measures of performance – output growth rates, productivity growth rates and levels, exports, and profitability – it can be re-affirmed that British manufacturing was out-competed by her rivals. Booth, Broadberry and others have also argued that manufacturing is of less importance to economic growth than services; this too is questioned.     

An Investigation of Trust,Satisfaction, and Commitment on Repurchase Intentions in Professional Services

Abstract

The predictive ability of trust, satisfaction, and commitment regarding a customer's intent to retain professional service providers is explored. Trust, in business relationships, is typically perceived as a consequent of satisfaction and experience. However, professional service customers may be unable to commence relationships without trusting their providers; thus, the stance that trust leads to commitment may not hold. Given the difficulty that professional service customers have regarding their ability to assess their providers' trustworthiness, customers may take trust for granted once the relationship begins. Regression analyses suggest that professional service customers utilize satisfaction and commitment, rather than trust, to determine repurchase intentions.     

浅析我国金融生态环境现状

借鉴和运用生态学的方法和成果,将金融体系看作一个生态系统,分析了我国金融生态环境现状,从五个方面提出了改善我国金融生态环境的措施与对策。     

论中央银行在金融生态系统中的定位——基于一个Keystone的研究视角

在生态系统中,一些物种对整个生态系统的稳定有着举足轻重的作用,它们被称为关键物种(Keystone)。根据生态学中Keystone的定义和判断标准,从中央银行与金融生态系统的关系来看,中央银行具有类Keystone特征。因此,有效发挥中央银行的Keystone作用,可以成为改善金融生态环境的政策切入点。     

动量化货币的哲学原理与经济学实验

运动是宇宙物质的普遍存在方式,货币的基本特征是运动。笔者尝试把物理学的动量定理与经济学的交易方程式进行类比,将货币量与货币速度结合起来,建立了动量化货币的指标。对动量化货币、传统货币与货币服务指数(圣路易斯联邦储备银行的指数货币)进行的经验分析表明:动量化货币具有绝对的比较优势;货币的交易速度是重要的宏观经济变量;货币的重要性依赖于它的数量和速度。主流经济学派排斥货币的交易速度,是经济理论的重大失误。     

基于Web Services的航空企业知识管理应用研究

本文研究了中国航空企业技术、知识和标准之间的关系,提出了从专利技术向行业标准、国家标准、国际标准转化的模型;对基于Web Services的航空企业知识管理系统的设计和建立进行了论述;重点研究了解决系统平台无关性、异构系统互操作性,提供了开放统一集成环境的分析系统AS的集成模型。