Measuring economic loss caused by ecological damages： a case study of China＇s forest ecosystem in 2005

At present about 60% of ecosystem has been damaged and degraded severely, resulting in enormous ecological loss globally. The essential cause is the irrational utilization of ecosystem by humankind, so it is tire key to changing improper environmental performance of humankind so as to prevent ecosystem from being damaged The quantitative valuation on the loss of ecological damage is an effective tool to guide human eco-environmental performance. In this paper, the concepts related to the valuation on ecological damage cost are introduced,＂ uncertainties that might arise in the valuation on the loss of ecological damage such as area coverage of valuation, ecological damage quantity, borders of ecological damage cost and data support are analyzed and the valuation approaches for the loss of ecological damage are also discussed As a case study, the economic losses of ecological damage of forest in 2005 in China are valuated.     

Fine tuning market oriented practices

Being more market oriented—in other words, getting closer to customers while keeping a wary eye on competitors in order to respond quickly and effectively to changing market conditions—has long been viewed as a key way of improving competitive advantage. However, there is still a lack of understanding about how to optimize the implementation of market oriented business strategies, particularly in the service sector. This article addresses that gap by investigating how customer and competitor focused practices can be fine tuned to create differential advantages. An in-depth qualitative study of professional, financial, and business service firms in New Zealand suggests that how well market oriented practices are implemented is much more important than the range of practices that are adopted.     

基于Web Services的PDM应用集成安全架构

基于PDM集成CAD/CAPP/CAM是当前研究和应用的一个热点,但传统的应用系统集成方案由于缺少统一标准的支持,在认证和授权等主要的安全性问题也缺少明确的、统一的方法。针对这两个问题,提出了一种崭新的基于WebServices的PDM系统应用集成安全体系架构WSSA-PDM,应用Web Services创建通用访问接口,结合了SSO的认证机制和RBAC的授权机制。     

Service value revisited: Specifying a higher-order, formative measure

Recent marketing literature pays particular attention to customer value because of the potential impact on customer behavior and, ultimately, firm performance. Whereas some studies conceptualize customer value in a unidimensional manner, more recent approaches take a multidimensional approach, generally conceptualizing value as composed of various benefits and sacrifices. However, nearly all of these studies consider value components in a reflective manner, which is not only problematic but in many cases conceptually incorrect. In addition, recent customer value research includes service components to define and operationalize the construct. This study suggests that customer value in service contexts, or service value, represents a higher-order, formative construct with benefit and sacrifice components. Specifically, the authors propose a formative model of service value with four components: service quality, service equity, confidence benefits, and perceived sacrifice. A multiple-industry study substantiates the contention that this higher-order, formative approach best models value. The results theoretically and empirically support the conceptualization of service value with formative components, and the measure is robust and works well across multiple service contexts.     

The role of customer contact employees as external customers: A conceptual framework for marketing strategy and future research

Existing streams of literature in marketing, management, and organizational behavior are integrated to propose a conceptual framework that highlights the customer contact employee's dual role as employee and external customer of the organization. Several iterative “cycles of success” are proposed whereby job satisfaction, the employee's patronage of the company's products (i.e., goods or services), and job performance (as customer contact employees) are all enhanced, ultimately leading to long-term relationships (with customers and employees) and profits for the organization. The framework highlights the role of internal marketing as a tool for enhancing the competitive advantage gained by strategically considering the customer contact employee's role as external customer.     

加强内部管理 增强企业活力

加强内部管理增强企业活力凌源钢铁公司凌钢地处辽宁西部山区，现有职工１．６万人。“七五”以来，为适应市场经济的发展，我们优化企业内部经营机制入手，将优胜劣汰的市场法则溶于内部管理之中，形成了以市场为纲、以财务管理为中心、突出各专业管理特色的企业经营机制...     

刘淇部长谈冶金企业如何实现良性循环(摘要)

刘淇部长谈冶金企业如何实现良性循环（摘要）７月１２日上午，刘淇部长在全国冶金系统生产经营座谈会结束时的讲话中对上半年钢铁生产形势做了概括：生产形势平稳，生产总量按市场需求得到调整，品种结构得到改善，价格稳定，搞活营销、扩大出口、压缩库存、盘活资金富有...     

贯彻落实“两个中心”的管理方针进一步推动冶金行业的财务管理──在冶金系统财务管理高级研讨会上的讲话

贯彻落实“两个中心”的管理方针进一步推动冶金行业的财务管理──在冶金系统财务管理高级研讨会上的讲话单亦和今天把各位专家和学者请到天津来，共同研究、讨论刘部长提出的“企业管理以财务管理为中心，财务管理以资金管理为中心”的思想。希望各位专家从理论上，从实...     

推广抚钢经验积极抹帐清欠

推广抚钢经验积极抹帐清欠郑东林今年以来，辽宁冶金行业流动资金紧张状况一直没有明显缓解，“三角债”居高不下，一月末，辽宁冶金行业人欠货款达２１６亿元，比上年同期增长５３％。二月份，根据辽宁省冶金工作会议共同商量决定，以财务管理为重点，以资金管理为中心，...     

Ethical beliefs and personal values of top level executives

Do business executives sell their souls to the corporation? Is the organization a “paramour” in an executive's life? Is backstabbing the only way to climb the corporate ladder? The basic purpose of this study was to provide answers to these questions by surveying Fortune 500 corporate executives in the marketing, finance, and production areas. The findings are interesting as various executives exhibited different behavior regarding three types of ethical concern.