数字经济发展与消费者福利水平变化——基于时间分配理论研究

伴随着数字经济的发展，社会中产生了大量免费或低价的数字产品。然而，在现有GDP核算体系之下，这些数字产品的价值难以被准确衡量。基于此，文章立足于数字产品的消费者剩余度量问题，提出了“GDP+数字产品消费者剩余”的数字经济核算新思路。考虑到数字产品的时间密集型特征，文章结合Becker的时间分配理论，初步尝试从时间价值角度构建数字产品消费者剩余测度模型。进一步，文章在概念上将互联网服务与数字产品等同，以互联网服务为对象，利用我国2012—2020年间居民业余上网时间数据，对数字产品的消费者剩余展开量化分析。结果发现，数字产品对消费者福利的影响呈总体扩大趋势，其在GDP中占比始终保持在5%以上，且增速远高于同期GDP增速。我国数字经济实际规模被严重低估。对数字产品价值的忽视必然会影响政府数字经济政策的有效性。另外，文章在实证过程中发现，消费者在互联网服务消费方面存在明显的鸿沟。具体来讲，高收入群体出于信息搜寻、社会资本积累和娱乐休闲目的，对互联网服务的使用时间远大于低收入群体。我国数字产品消费存在不平等问题，这在一定程度上会对消费者福利产生不利影响。因此，在精准测度数字经济规模的基础上，政...     

Self-preferencing by platforms: A literature review

We survey the economics literature on dual-role platforms and self-preferencing by them. Existing studies mainly consist of theoretical studies, but there are also some empirical studies. Regardless of whether it is theoretical or empirical, many studies on self-preferencing are concerned with the manipulation of search results and recommendation algorithms. Some recent studies have examined first-party selling by platforms that use proprietary transaction data collected from third-party sellers. However, little has been explored about other types of self-preferencing. Findings reported in the existing literature indicate that the impact of self-preferencing on consumers depends largely on the forms of self-preferencing and market environments, implying that policymakers need to gather relevant information on a case-by-case basis for better decision-making. Finally, we discuss the types of data used in existing empirical studies, which suggest what kind of data and information can (not) be accessible by researchers. Several directions for future research are also proposed.     

数字平台生态系统价值生成逻辑

数字平台生态系统在价值生成过程中呈现出独特的价值逻辑。随着企业核心竞争优势向平台生态竞争优势转变，从数字化创新时代价值来源转向出发，明确价值生成的新逻辑范式，系统梳理价值界面延拓，并据此论证价值配置空间演变，分析数字平台生态系统连接经济带来的价值发现。基于数字平台生态系统价值取向，阐释启动阶段用户价值共创、扩张阶段天棚战略扩容、维护阶段价值隔离机制，进而揭示平台生态系统价值生成规律。研究结论为审视数字创新背景下的价值创造规律及数字平台生态系统行动与治理提供了新理论依据。     

黄河流域水资源生态系统服务价值时空变化及驱动分析——以关中平原城市群为例

黄河流域城市群的发展面临着水资源刚性约束强、跨域治理难度大、承载力不足等问题的严峻挑战。采用环境经济核算方法与水足迹评估了关中平原城市群水资源生态系统服务价值，在描述时空演变特征的基础上揭示了社会经济因素对价值变化的驱动作用。结果表明，生态系统服务价值平稳增长，呈现东南部高于西北部的区域差异特点。价值变化受农业总产值与第二产业生产总值的影响较大，城镇化率、旅游人数等也是主要影响因素。建议把生态系统服务价值纳入到城市水治理中，通过调整城市产业结构与人口密度、推进跨域协同等措施加快绿色转型。本文探索性地编制城市群水资源生态系统账户并进行了核算，为突出生态服务功能在水资源保护与利用提供了科学依据。     

Land and housing: The twin forces of non-balanced growth

In a three-sector closed economy where housing land is accumulated for the construction of houses, we depict significant effects of housing and land market on sectoral growth. We assume agriculture is the most intensive in the use of land, followed by manufacturing and then services. In the long run, land intensity differences in conjunction with labor growth contribute to sectoral growth gaps. In the short run, due to housing land accumulation, the economy transitions along a non-monotonic convergent path to the steady state. Using the US data, we quantify that land accounts for about one-tenth of long-run and short-run sectoral output growth gaps. We also incorporate sector-specific land-use restrictions to show that, despite these regulations, land and housing have qualitative effects on non-balanced growth.     

The effect of the digital economy on services exports competitiveness and ternary margins

In the era of the digital economy, improving the level of information and communications technology (ICT) development is an important measure for achieving the high-quality development of the services exports. This study constructs a comprehensive development index for the digital economy based on the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics Database (UCTADstat) to calculate the services exports competitiveness of 75 countries (regions) around the world from 2010 to 2019 and conducts ternary margin decomposition. The study empirically verifies that the digital economy promotes the competitiveness of services exports, not only driving intensive growth of quantity margin and price margin but also enhances the expansion growth of category margin. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of the digital economy on improving low- and middle-income countries' services exports competitiveness and industries with low ICT intensity is more significant than that of high-income countries and high ICT-intensity industries. The impact of the digital economy on the ternary margin of countries’ different income levels and ICT-intensity sample groups exhibits differentiated estimation results. The conclusions of this study provide novel explanations regarding the effects of the digital economy in improving services exports competitiveness and new perspectives and evidence for strategic policymaking.     

基于科学的创新失败挽救：扩展适应视角

基于科学的创新具有失败率极高的特点，对其失败（项目）进行挽救可减少创新资源浪费，提升相关产业创新绩效，具有可观的经济价值和社会意义。采用多案例方法，从扩展适应视角研究发现，基于科学的创新失败挽救过程由新功能意义建构、基于扩展适应的商业化实现及持续扩展适应3个阶段构成；在基于科学的创新领域，扩展适应是一种重要的失败挽救机制；机缘巧合触发基于扩展适应的挽救机会形成，已存在扩展适应的创新生态系统是挽救创新失败的实现条件，多次、持续的扩展适应可不断挖掘和释放失败项目的创新价值。结论可丰富基于科学的创新和创新失败挽救相关理论研究，为创新管理实践、政策制定等提供理论参考。     

“架构者”视角下的区域创新生态系统形成与演化——来自珠海高新区的经验证据

近年来,企业创新的成败越来越依赖于它们所生存的创新生态系统,哪些因素影响了创新生态系统成长是一个亟待探讨的话题。基于新近的"架构者"理论,文章探究了区域创新生态系统新生期、成长期和成熟期的"架构者"及其对生态系统其他企业的影响,试图揭示创新生态系统形成和演化机制。通过案例分析与定量分析相结合的方法,文章发现:(1)在新生期,政府是创新生态系统的"架构者",其政策效应是创新生态系统形成的动力;(2)在成长期,先驱企业取代政府成为"架构者",其通过对其他企业产生"跟随效应"推动整个生态系统创新产出增加;(3)在成熟期,作为"架构者"的先驱企业对其他企业创新溢出存在"乘数效应"。文章的研究结果表明,政府应该根据创新生态系统不同发展阶段,识别相应的"架构者"并给予相应的政策,从而发挥它们创新的带动效应。     

基于Logistic-熵的大数据产业生态系统演化路径研究

随着全球步入大数据时代，大数据产业作为战略性新兴产业备受关注。大数据产业生态系统良性演化能够为经济社会健康发展提供全方位支撑，系统内种群主体间关系的复杂多变和数据资源的频繁流动共同影响系统演化进程和路径选择。将Logistic模型与熵模型相结合，完整刻画、分析主体间竞合关系和系统资源流动状态，并在此基础上得出不同企业种群和系统集成演化路径：数据生产型企业业务数据集聚—多渠道数据拓展—数据智能化应用演化路径、数据服务型企业数据云聚合—高质量数据融合—数据资产化演化路径、转型企业业务信息网络化—流程再造数字化—服务应用智能化演化路径以及大数据产业生态系统大数据云存储处理中心建立—数据融合扩展—数智化应用种群集成演化路径。