Standard approaches to asset & liability risk** **Supported by the Swedish Insurance Federation.

We compare two different models for assets and liabilities for an insurance company that can be considered in the standard approach to solvency assessment and in particular, in determining the required target capital. The first model is suggested by a joint working party by members in CEA, Comité Européen des Assurances, and is based on the duration concept and the second one is an application of ideas by Samuelson and Vasicek.     

How relative income affects work hours preferences

In this article, we look at explanations for why people want to change their working hours. We focus on the role of income and differentiate between the effect of household income, personal income and self-perceived relative income. Using Flemish data on 1435 workers, we perform binary logistic regressions in which we compare those who are over- or underemployed with those who are currently working their preferred number of hours. Our results show that the desire to work fewer hours is mostly related to a bad work–life balance, while the wish to increase working hours is associated with relative income rather than absolute income. Based on our findings we recommend governments to not only focus on increasing flexibility at the individual level but to also consider these positional effects by taking measures (e.g. decreasing the duration of the standard working week) at the population level.     

Unintended Consequences of Well-Intentioned Policies of South Korea: Lessons for Emerging Economies on Capital Market Liberalisation

While South Korea has achieved remarkable economic and democratic transformation during the past decades, it has suffered from two major economic crises, both of which are essentially liquidity crises. In this regard, the purpose of this study is twofold: one is to review the debates on capital market liberalisation and highlight the dark sides of South Korea’s experience. The other is to explain why South Korea has experienced another crisis in 2008 even though it already experienced the same liquidity crisis in 1997. We highlight the unintended consequences of policies with their own legitimate purposes and provide lessons on capital market liberalisation for emerging economies.     

金融危机中拉美新兴市场国家货币错配变动分析

文章通过分析阿根延、巴西和墨西哥三个新兴市场国家1990--2010年间的货币错配指数与经济增长率之间的关系,利用非抛补利率平价理论分析得出:货币错配是引起金融危机的重要因素;货币错配的急剧增加,对拉美新兴市场国家经济增长有负面影响,大规模的货币错配会使拉美新兴市场国家的货币政策失效.     

货币错配与我国经济内外失衡的问题及策略研究

本文首先提出了一个假说,即自20世纪90年代初期以来,随着我国经济内部的失衡日益严重,我国陷入了＂货币错配＂、＂高储蓄两难＂和＂经济内外失衡＂的动态＂恶性三角循环＂困境。结合我国的经济现实情况,文章对这种假说进行了实证检验,指出必须综合治理才能突破这种困境,并提出了以调整内部经济结构为主、以降低货币错配为辅的政策策略。     

低空无人机遥感影像高精度自动匹配方法研究

本文针对低空无人机遥感影像的特点,提出一种基于Harris角点和SIFT特征的自动匹配算法,并利用基于单应矩阵和核线几何双重约束的RANSAC相对定向剔除错误匹配。通过一组影像的自动匹配试验,结果具有较高的匹配正确率,验证了算法的有效性,可为区域网平差解算提供良好基础。     

Credit Risk Spreads in Local and Foreign Currencies

Governments, corporations, and even small firms raise and denominate capital in different currencies. We examine the micro‐level factors that should be considered by a borrower when structuring debt denominated in various currencies. This paper will show how the currency composition of debt affects the cost of debt through the interaction with the risk of company's assets. We look at the currency mismatch in the firm and analyze its credit spread within a Merton's type model with bankruptcy. We show that foreign currency borrowing is cheaper when the exchange rate is positively correlated with the return on the company's assets. The determining factor is not just whether a given company is an exporter or importer, but rather the statistical correlation between the rate of return on the firm's assets and changes in the exchange rate.     

外汇储备、人民币汇率与货币错配:基于SSM的实证分析

本文选取1985-2009年我国货币错配指数、外汇储备总额、人民币实际有效汇率和人民币汇率制度作为研究样本,构建状态空间模型(SSM)。由此得出结论:人民币汇率是影响我国货币错配程度的最主要因素;人民币汇率、汇率制度以及外汇储备额均为货币错配指数的格兰杰原因;浮动汇率制度更能缓解货币错配风险。     

商业信贷、融资约束与我国中小企业融资行为——基于江苏省制造业企业的问卷观测和实证分析

与商业信贷在我国中小企业中的作用与地位相比，相关理论和实证研究在国内尤显滞后。作者在对江苏省制造业中小企业问卷调查和计量分析基础上，从微观行为层面揭示了商业信贷在我国中小企业融资行为中的行为模式和运作机理。研究发现，基于企业间商业信用的商业信贷相对发达国家使用不足，是我国中小企业融资难的首因；我国中小企业的自身产业特性和技术能力，决定了其在交易市场上的弱势地位，进而决定了其2／3商业信贷净借出者身份；商业信贷中应收款和应付款普遍的“期限错配”特征，形成在宏观紧缩政策冲击下“银行信贷渠道”和“商业信贷渠道”交互作用机制下的资金链风险。     

Matching, Heterogeneity, and the Evolution of Income Distribution

This paper analyzes a model in which firms and workershave to engage in costly search to find a production partner,and endogenizes the skill, job, and wage distributions in thiscontext. The presence of search frictions implies that thereare two redistributive forces in the labor market. The firstis mismatch relative to the Walrasian economy; skilled workerstend to work with lower physical to human capital ratios, andthis compresses the earnings differentials. The second is theopportunity cost effect; because the opportunity cost of acceptingan unskilled worker, which is to forgo the opportunity to employa skilled worker, is high, unskilled wages are pushed down. Theinteraction between these two forces leads to a non-ergodic equilibriumprocess for wage and income inequality. Further, the presenceof mismatch reduces the rate of return to physical capital andthus depresses growth. A key prediction of the analysis is thatincreasing wage inequality is more likely to arise in economieswith less frictional labor markets, which is in line with thediverse cross-country patterns observed over the past two decades.Finally, the paper predicts that, as is largely the case withU.S. data, between group and within group wage inequality shouldmove in the same direction.