The scarring effects of unemployment,low pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared

There is a substantial literature on the scarring effects of unemployment on future employment prospects and a smaller one on the scarring effects of low pay, but the possibility that skills mismatch, in the form of skills under-utilization, may have similar detrimental effects has not been considered before. We use the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel to investigate the dynamics of unemployment, low pay and skills under-utilization, including differences by gender and education. We show that, in addition to earlier evidence on wage penalties and reduced job satisfaction, skills under-utilization scars future employment prospects in a way similar to that of low pay.     

光谱失配误差对光伏组件测试的影响研究

光伏组件测试中,太阳模拟器的光谱辐照度分布、光伏组件的光谱响应度、PN结温度等是影响测试结果的主要因素。本文从太阳模拟器光谱失配误差产生的原因出发,研究了光谱失配误差的理论处理方法,并使用脉冲模拟器对单晶硅、非晶硅光伏组件进行了实验分析,给出了减小或修正光谱失配误差对光伏组件测试结果影响的措施建议。     

Supporting BPMN choreography with system integration artefacts for enterprise process collaboration

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) choreography modelling depicts externally visible message exchanges between collaborating processes of enterprise information systems. Implementation of choreography relies on designing system integration solutions to realise message exchanges between independently developed systems. Enterprise integration patterns (EIPs) are widely accepted artefacts to design integration solutions. If the choreography model represents coordination requirements between processes with behaviour mismatches, the integration designer needs to analyse the routing requirements and address these requirements by manually designing EIP message routers. As collaboration scales and complexity increases, manual design becomes inefficient. Thus, the research problem of this paper is to explore a method to automatically identify routing requirements from BPMN choreography model and to accordingly design routing in the integration solution. To achieve this goal, recurring behaviour mismatch scenarios are analysed as patterns, and corresponding solutions are proposed as EIP routers. Using this method, a choreography model can be analysed by computer to identify occurrences of mismatch patterns, leading to corresponding router selection. A case study demonstrates that the proposed method enables computer-assisted integration design to implement choreography. A further experiment reveals that the method is effective to improve the design quality and reduce time cost.     

Duration of disability,job mismatch and employment outcomes

Workers with disabilities have functional limitations that affect their productivity in some, but not necessarily all, jobs. Workers who find a job that is a good match for their functional limitations (i.e. a job where their limitations have little or no impact on important job functions) should expect better employment outcomes (e.g. higher wages, longer job tenure) than workers with similar disabilities who are mismatched in their jobs. Merging data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation with O*Net data on job demands, we construct two continuous measures of job mismatch for workers with physical disabilities. We then extend the literature on disability and employment by exploring relationships between duration of disability, job mismatch, wages and hours worked. The results indicate that workers with long durations of disability are employed in jobs that are a better match to their physical limitations than are similar workers with shorter durations of disability. And, workers who are mismatched earn lower wages and work fewer hours than their counterparts whose jobs are a better match. Overall, the findings suggest that disability employment policies should include systematic efforts to help workers with disabilities find good job matches.     

过度教育对劳动者工资收入的影响

自从中国实行高等教育扩招政策以来,人民教育水平不断提高,然而与大量剧增的具有高等教育水平的劳动力数量相比,就业市场工作岗位的吸收能力远远不够,由此造成过度教育现象.本文基于中国微观调查数据探究过度教育对工资的影响,研究发现对于总样本来说过度教育对工资的增加效应将会提高10.1％的回报率,同时过度教育对农村劳动力工资的增...     

中国海洋旅游装备制造业的发展障碍和战略路径

旅游业快速增长带动了旅游装备制造业的发展,但海洋旅游装备制造业的发展相对滞后。研究构建了海洋旅游装备制造业的产业动态匹配分析框架,识别产业发展的个性障碍、探讨共性障碍的个性化表现形式,并厘清障碍之间的关系,最终通过战略路径构造来移除或者克服这些障碍。研究认为：（1）海洋旅游装备制造业存在其个性化障碍,其与装备制造业的共性障碍也存在其个性化表现形式。（2）障碍之间的关系表现为宏观、中观和微观3个层面的子系统,从高层级到低层级,两两之间存在匹配扭曲障碍。高层级的子系统存在障碍使其阻碍低层级子系统的发展,而低层级子系统存在障碍使其不能适应高层级子系统的发展及其管理者刻意行为。（3）海洋旅游装备制造业应该实施以下产业发展战略。首先,政府主管部门应该提供“区域集中化”的战略路径支持。其次,产业可以进行“成立行业协会-争取政策支持”“成立产业联盟-完善产业链”和“培育主导企业-打造区域品牌”的战略路径引导。最后,企业原有的“低成本战略路径”应该转换为“产品差异化战略路径”“技术创新战略路径”和“资本聚焦战略路径”。研究结论能够在一定程度上提高海洋旅游装备制造业的产业效率,并为海洋旅游的高质量发展提...     

员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好匹配对员工工作投入的影响机制研究

依据个体—环境匹配理论和平衡理论,基于320份员工与配偶的配对问卷调查数据,采用多元回归分析、响应面分析以及块变量分析方法,探讨了员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好不同匹配/不匹配类型对员工工作投入及情感平衡的影响。结果表明:员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好匹配有利于提高员工的情感平衡和工作投入水平;而员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好不匹配则会降低员工的情感平衡和工作投入水平。具体而言,当员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好匹配时,员工边界分割偏好高—配偶边界分割偏好高对员工情感平衡和工作投入的正向影响更强;当员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好不匹配时,员工边界分割偏好低—配偶边界分割偏好高对员工情感平衡和工作投入的负向影响更强。无论员工—配偶工作家庭边界分割偏好是否匹配,情感平衡均在其对员工工作投入的影响中起中介作用。     

地区差距的新视角:人口与产业分布不匹配研究

地区差距从空间上看表现为人口与产业分布的不匹配,因此研究不匹配是审视地区差距的一个新视角。本文通过构造测度不匹配程度的指数,描绘了我国人口与产业不匹配程度的现状与变化趋势;并在分析不匹配形成机理的基础上,提出了三个可能导致其扩大的研究假设。通过实证分析,发现人口与产业不匹配程度会随着经济发展呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,在此过程中,人口迁移壁垒、资本边际产出变动差异对不匹配扩大起到了推动作用,而国家区域协调发展战略在阻止其扩大方面发挥了一定的作用。     

农地多功能供需错位与协同作用研究进展及趋势

研究目的:系统梳理国内外关于农地多功能供需错位与协同作用的研究文献,揭示其研究进展及未来研究趋势。研究方法:文献资料法,归纳演绎法,比较法。研究结果:现有研究进展主要表现为:(1)从单一生产功能的研究转向农地多功能研究,从间接研究农地多功能之间的关系转向直接研究农地多功能之间的关系,从研究农地多功能之间线性关系转向对多重性、非线性关系的探讨;(2)从孤立研究土地利用/变化特征、生态系统服务价值/农地非市场价值评估到关联性研究,如土地利用变化对农民福利的影响、土地利用与功能的关系以及特征—功能—服务—福利—价值链条关系探讨;(3)特别强调对农地多功能供给、需求(消费)、空间格局、动态变化、形成机制以及供需失配、权衡与协同分析。与国外研究相比,国内研究农地多功能价值评估较多,形成机制研究较少;农地多功能本身整体性的研究较多,功能之间的关系、权衡与协同研究较少;农地多功能供给研究较多,需求研究较少。国内外在该领域的研究趋势为:农地多功能供需双边匹配的研究,农地多功能的形成机制、多功能之间的相互关系、权衡与协同机制研究以及农地多功能尺度效应研究。研究结论:该研究成果对加强农地从物质资产到生态资产的完备性研究,实现中国农地多功能供需对接,寻求可持续的农业和农村发展,让"农业更强、农民更富、农村更美"具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

利率市场化能抑制企业投融资期限错配么?

以2001—2016年A股上市公司为研究样本,采用双重差分模型考察利率市场化对企业投融资期限错配的影响。研究发现:利率市场化能够抑制企业投融资期限错配,且融资约束发挥了中介作用。具体来说,贷款利率上限放开增加了企业长期贷款的可获得性,贷款利率下限放开则降低了企业的债务融资成本。进一步研究发现,利率市场化对企业投融资期限错配的抑制作用在小规模、高成长性的企业中更加显著。研究结论丰富了利率市场化的经济后果和企业投融资期限错配的影响因素类文献,对于推进我国金融体系深化改革具有一定的启示意义。