The Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer III: A new model of family history with insurance applications

Insurers’ access to genetic test results is often restricted and the only genetic information that might be collected during underwriting in some countries is family history. Previous studies have included family history in a simple way but only for diseases which have no cause other than gene mutations, because then the event ‘affected parent’ contributes all possible information short of a genetic test result. We construct a model of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) — common diseases with rare genetic variants — in which the development of a family history is represented explicitly as a transition between states, hence as part of the applicant's own life history. This allows the impact of a moratorium to be modelled. We then apply this family history model to life insurance in a semi-Markov framework and to critical illness (CI) insurance in a Markov framework to: (a) estimate premium ratings depending on genotype or family history; and (b) model the potential cost of adverse selection.     

建立符合我国国情的存款保险制度的设想

随着我国加入WTO进行的加快,商业银行上市已是大势所趋,日益激烈的竞争加剧了我国金融业的系统性风险。目前商业银行的风险监管和救助主要依靠的中央银行和“最后贷款人”制度,这不利于推进政府市场的金融改革的宏观调控,因此,我国应借鉴发达国家的经验,尽快建立存款保险制度。     

论新《保险法》对保险公司公司治理的影响

本文首先综述了公司治理的多种涵义。从产权理论视角看,投保人与被保险人也是公司治理机制的一方,所以公司治理目标不仅要维护股东的利益,而且要保护保险公司治理结构中弱势方(投保人和被保险人)的剩余索取权和剩余收益权。这为新《保险法》突显保护被保险人和投保人权益提供了理论基础。接着,笔者从产权分析框架、奥尔森的集体行动逻辑理论、囚徒困境博弈、政府干预和资源配置理论视角,分析了新《保险法》对保险公司治理结构的影响。最后,在简述我国目前保险公司治理的现状及存在问题的基础上,分别从公司内部和外部的治理机制出发,分析了新《保险法》对我国保险公司治理的影响。     

福建省华侨农场养老保险改革评析

福建省在政策安排上对华侨农场养老保险改革有所优待,并体现了灵活务实、以人为本等政策特点。政策颁布后,经上级部门的重视和推动,以及各级政府的财政支持,如今福建省华侨农场职工已基本纳入省级统筹。当然,资金紧缺、层次较低、发展不平衡等后续问题仍然存在,需要进一步解决。     

Compliance Costs for Employers: UK PAYE and National Insurance, 1995–96

This paper, based upon research financed by the Inland Revenue and the Contributions Agency of the DSS, presents calculations of the compliance costs for employers of PAYE and National Insurance in 1995–96. Total costs are estimated to have been of the order of £1.3 billion. The costs are very unequally spread across employers, whether measured per employee or per pound of tax raised. They are particularly high for small new employers. For the largest employers, these costs may be offset by the cash-flow benefits of acting as tax collectors. The composition of labour and other costs is calculated and estimates are made of compliance costs under various payroll ‘technologies’. The main determinants of compliance costs, for an employer, are analysed using weighted least-squares regression analysis. Finally, some policy implications are considered.     

A Review of Insurance and Behavioral Economics: Improving Decisions in the Most Misunderstood Industry

This book indeed goes a long way towards clearing up misconceptions about insurance both on the part of consumers and, even more importantly, insurance managers and regulators. However, in the eyes of this reviewer, the authors are too quick to jump on the bandwagon of ‘Behavorial Economics’ in their attempts to explain seeming anomalies in decisionmaking with repect to insurance. This said, the case studies included, statistics cited, and arguments proffered in this the volume make for interesting reading.     

经济结构约束下中小保险公司发展对经济增长的影响

大量研究发现保险业活动可以影响经济增长,但对于保险业的结构特征和区域差异对经济增长是否有作用却鲜有涉及。本文运用中国31个省份（直辖市）在1999-2008年间的面板数据,利用固定效应模型和系统广义矩方法进行了计量分析。我们发现保险业活动、结构以及保险业结构与经济结构的匹配对经济发展具有显著的影响：中小保险公司市场份额的提高有利于经济增长;保险业结构与经济结构匹配时会促进经济增长,反之则会抑制经济增长。本文还构建了相对保险深度指标对全国样本进行分类,发现不同区域保险业结构与经济结构的协同效应对经济增长的影响规律存在一定的差异。     

An empirical analysis of the factors influencing farmer demand for forest insurance: Based on surveys from Lin’an County in Zhejiang Province of China

The lack of effective farmer demand is a major factor that restricts the development of China's forest insurance. To solve this problem, this study uses a Logit model to conduct an empirical analysis of relevant factors in the farmers’ demand for forest insurance, based on field survey data of Lin’an County, Zhejiang Province. The results show that the farmers’ understanding of forest insurance, the proportion of forestry revenues in the total household income, forest size, forest disaster frequency, forest insurance liability, insurance amount setup, and the farmers’ satisfaction regarding the premium subsidy policy, are the main factors that affect the farmers’ demand for forest insurance. Therefore, we propose to expand forest insurance promotion, raise the farmers’ income, rationally design insurance products, and optimize the forest premium subsidy policy to enhance the farmers’ willingness to participate in forest insurance.     

亟待发展的建设工程保险

建筑工程保险是建筑工程项目,风险管理的有效手段之一,以交纳工程保险费为代价将工程风险转移给专业的风险承担者－保险公司,本文综合介绍了建筑工程保险的特征、作用,并结合我国工程保险的实际,对推广建筑工程保险制度进行了简要的探讨。     

董事责任保险、董事会治理与企业创新

董事责任险是企业治理领域的热点问题。基于2006-2015年我国沪深上市公司数据,实证检验董事责任险对企业创新的影响及其治理职能发挥路径。研究发现,董事责任险作为独立治理机制,对企业创新不具有显著影响;董事责任险治理职能被董事会特征激活,即二者间存在显著交互影响关系,说明董事责任险通过董事会特征等治理机制对企业创新产生影响;董事责任险的引入助长了企业机会主义行为,从而抑制了企业创新。