中国东西部地区碳排放的比较研究

能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,是促进经济增长最基本的要素之一。随着世界经济的迅速发展,气候变化对人类活动的影响越来越深,也越来越受到国际社会的重视,实现节能减排已经成为全人类共同的目标。中国正处于工业化和城市化快速发展的过程,经济增长与资源供给和环境保护的矛盾日益尖锐。中国东西部地区经济发展存在较大差距,能源利用状况也不尽相同,本文比较研究东西部地区的碳排放,采用截面样本具有垂直维度信息和时间序列样本具有水平横截面信息的面板数据模型,并引入空间效应和计量方法,理论上对低碳能源发展进行补充和完善,实践上为政府制定经济与环境相互发展的能源战略提供指导,为中国全面实现节能减排提供参考。     

能源企业技术创新能力对财务绩效的影响——基于企业规模的门槛效应研究

能源消费和供给的重要性使得政府给予能源企业技术创新更多关注和支持,能源企业经营存在较大风险使得能源企业技术创新能力对财务绩效的影响呈现一定特殊性。以我国能源企业2013-2018年技术创新投入与产出能力指标为样本数据,采用因子分析法和动态面板门槛效应模型,在评价能源企业技术创新能力的基础上,分别研究能源企业技术创新投入和产出能力对财务绩效的影响及企业规模门槛效应。研究结果表明,能源企业的技术创新投入和综合能力对财务绩效的影响存在显著的门槛效应,而产出能力的表现并不显著。研究结果可为国家和能源企业的技术政策制定和创新投入决策提供参考。     

西部地区的能源开发与经济增长——基于“资源诅咒”假说的实证分析

本文应用"资源诅咒"理论假说,通过1991—2006年的省际面板数据对西部地区的能源开发与经济增长之间的相关性及其传导机制进行了计量检验和分析。研究结果表明:自进入上世纪90年代以来,西部地区的能源开发与经济增长之间存在显著的负相关性,能源开发确实带来了"资源诅咒"效应;虽然实施西部大开发战略前能源开发负向作用于对外开放度、科技创新和人力资本投入,但"诅咒"效应尚未明显产生,而实施大开发后能源开发对科技创新和人力资本投入的负向作用有所增强,从而导致诅咒效应明显出现。通过进一步的实证考察,我们发现能源开发在西部主要通过其对科技创新和人力资本投入的挤出效应,以及滋生寻租和腐败而引起的政治制度弱化效应这三种间接传导途径来阻碍经济增长,其中人力资本投入是作用最强的传导因素。     

能效改善与能源节约：助力还是阻力

研究目标：测算中国分行业的能源回弹效应与综合能耗系数。研究方法：通过编制含能源实物流量的价值型能源投入产出可比价序列表,测算出能源回弹效应与综合能耗系数,结合行业综合能耗情况分析了能源回弹效应的行业异质性。研究发现：各行业在能耗方面表现迥异,能源回弹效应也存在典型的行业异质性;中国整体经济能源回弹程度并不高,能效改善可以有效节约能源,但整体经济低能源回弹的表象也掩盖了部分行业能源效率无改善和高能耗行业高能源回弹的事实。研究创新：从系统与结构的视角审视了行业的综合能耗情况,并给出了一种基于能源投入产出表的能源回弹效应计算方法。研究价值：有助于提出整体经济结构优化与节能减排的行业政策。     

基于合同能源管理项目的资产证券化分析

我国EPC项目融资难的原因之一是节能服务企业信用水平不足。资产证券化可以实现项目信用与企业信用分离,是一种值得探索的融资模式。本文尝试设计了基于EPC项目证券化融资的交易结构和交易流程,讨论了基于EPC项目进行证券化融资的要点。     

Households transport-home energy conservation strategies in response to energy price policies: A stated adaptation experiment based on portfolio choices and cross effects designs

This article explores consumer investment choice in long-term energy conservation technology and assesses trade-offs in energy saving behaviour between the housing and transportation domains. The long-term energy conservation choice problem is conceptualized as a portfolio choice problem. Consequently, to measure trade-offs between investments in housing and transport options, a cross effects choice design is developed in which respondents were shown one or more alternate ways to reduce their current energy consumption: (1) investing in new technology in the house, such as solar panels; (2) exchanging the current car for a more energy efficient car; (3) buying a new energy-efficient car, such as EV or solar car; (4) moving house to reduce current travel distances. To help respondents linking these options to their current energy consumption, a new Web-based survey system (SINA) to implement and administer stated adaptation experiments was developed. The system was used to collect two sets of data. First, data about out-of-home and in-home energy consumption, together with detailed time use data, was collected. Second, using a cross effects design, respondents were asked to select a portfolio of energy-saving strategies in response to different energy pricing policy scenarios. Results reported in this paper are based on 572 respondents who completed the survey and responded to seven adaptation questions based on their current energy expenditures. A random parameters logit model is estimated to predict the probability of choosing a particular portfolio of energy-saving options. Estimation results indicate that individuals from different socio-demographic groups exhibit varied preferences. The saving option characteristics, especially cost related characteristics have significant effects on individuals' preferences. Moreover, the results also showed significant effects of choice set composition on energy saving options. Further, the energy pricing policies had showed mixed effects on individual's preferences.     

Developing energy conservation and carbon reduction indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan

This study develops and weights energy conservation and carbon reduction (ECCR) indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan to create an instrument to help address climate change. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior hotel managers, environmental specialists, and government officials to identify the preliminary ECCR framework. An expert panel then was invited to review the structure of ECCR criteria and the compiled criteria in a structure for item modification. An analytic network process questionnaire survey was employed to determine the relative weights of the criteria. The data analysis reveals seven categories in the ECCR framework: communication and participation, top management commitment, energy, water, waste, building, and purchasing. A total of 32 indicators were identified and prioritized in terms of their relative importance to ECCR contributions. The results of this study suggest that the success of ECCR implementation depends primarily on management support and staff engagement. Hotel operators can improve their environmental management by initiating ECCR practices based on the proposed ECCR indicators.     

Energy benchmarking in support of low carbon hotels: Developments,challenges, and approaches in China

Achieving effective and objective energy benchmarking for hotels is integral in fostering the sustainable development of the lodging sector. In this work, we reveal the major and minor streams of hotel energy benchmarking and ascertain that the most popular approach in benchmarking is normalized energy use intensity (EUI) based on floor level. Previous efforts to establish EUI indicators using subsystem average, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and regression technique are also studied. We propose that hotel energy benchmarking based on floor area is useful from the top-down management perspective. However, on a practical perspective, energy benchmarking based on facilities should be the first priority for hotel management or owners. Compared with the general energy benchmarking in the building sector, we find that the hotel sector lags behind in the adoption of computer modeling for benchmarking.     

对住宅建筑规划与设计的节能措施探讨

随着社会环境问题的日益严峻以及相关环保产业大力发展,对住宅建筑规划与设计的节能措施的探讨越来越成为相关行业研究的热点问题。本文重点探讨住宅建筑规划与设计中的一些常用节能措施以及这些措施在实际操作中的一些限制因子。     

金融发展影响能源消费结构吗?——跨国经验分析

金融发展经常被认为是经济增长的一个重要推动因素.同样的,金融发展也可能会影响能源需求.金融发展可以通过促进金融系统发展、带动经济增长并促进产业结构调整这样的传导途径,使能源消费结构发生变动.本文对全球55 个国家23 年(1985～2007)的面板数据库的研究发现,金融发展的确会影响能源消费与需求,进而影响能源消费结构的变动.实证结果表明,金融发展会促进"化石燃料"能源和替代能源消费的增加,减少可再生能源的消费,对能源消费结构的改善有着一定的促进作用.所以,在制定能源相关政策和对高能耗部门进行产业调整时,要考虑金融发展的影响.