Hotels’ environmentally-framed eWOM. The moderating role of environmental culture

Consumers are increasingly concerned about sustainable development. This study investigates the impact of environmentally-framed reviews on review rating scores considering the moderation of the reviewer's country's environmental performance. We use ordered logistic and linear regression analysis on a dataset of 45k TripAdvisor reviews of green hotels posted by reviewers from 150 countries. The findings reveal that environmentally-framed reviews are associated with higher rating scores, and the reviewer's country's environmental performance positively moderates this impact. This indicates that the environmental ranking of the reviewer's country of origin influences environmentally-framed eWOM about green and non-green services.     

Violence against women and new venture initiation with microcredit: Self-efficacy,fear of failure,and disaster experiences

Domestic violence is the most prevalent form of gender-based violence that threatens the wellbeing and dignity of women. In this paper, we examine whether and how exposure to physical or sexual assault by male partners influences women's decision to initiate a new business when they have access to financing. We collected primary data from rural Bangladesh in collaboration with a microfinance institution that provided small collateral-free loans to a group of married women. We conducted a baseline survey before loan disbursement and then conducted a follow-up survey 12 to 15 months later to collect information on loan usage. We find that women who experienced physical or sexual violence by their husband before receiving a loan are less likely to initiate a new business with their loan than those who did not experience such violence. Exposure to domestic violence obstructs the initiation of new businesses through reduced entrepreneurial self-efficacy and increased fear of business failure. The adverse impact of domestic violence is more detrimental for women who recently experienced another potentially traumatic event—an environmental disaster—than for those without such an experience.     

环保产业政策对环境污染影响效应研究——基于重污染企业环保投资的视角

环境污染的负外部性特征与环境保护的正外溢性特征，使企业缺乏参与环境治理的积极性，亟需政府积极干预。自2006年起，中央政府专门在"十一五"规划与"十二五"规划中加入有关环境保护的规定，构成了环保产业政策的主要内容。环保产业政策究竟能否发挥环境治理效应?对这一问题的分析有助于更好地理解转型经济时期政府发挥"扶持之手"的作用。有鉴于此，文章以2006-2015年沪深A股重污染上市公司为微观样本，以中国30个省区为宏观样本，基于重污染企业环保投资视角，系统考察环保产业政策对环境污染的影响，并立足于时期异质性与地区异质性，阐释了环保产业政策环境治理效应发挥差异性的深层次原因。研究发现：在环保产业政策支持下，重污染企业环保投资有利于抑制工业二氧化硫和工业固体废弃物的排放，对工业废水排放无显著影响。进一步分析发现，重污染企业环保投资对环境治理效果具有时期异质性和地区异质性，即不同时期/区域内，重污染企业环保投资对同一工业污染物排放具有不同程度的影响。文章研究将微观企业行为与宏观生态环境相结合，不仅为环境污染影响因素研究开拓了新的视角，为环保产业政策环境治理效应的发挥提供了经验证据，而且廓清了生态环境改善的微观环保投资结构图景。     

Resource reallocation strategies for sustainable efficiency improvement of retail chains

Sustainability is an important agenda for retail businesses in the present times. To create long-term value for customers, retail businesses are required to adopt approaches that can enable them to integrate operational efficiency with concerns for environmental and social sustainability. Optimal deployment of resources among the several stores run by a retail chain, with an objective of maximizing sustainable efficiency, is an enabling step in this direction. This research finds three main contributions to the body of knowledge: (1) resource reallocation models are proposed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), integrating sustainability in the efficiency measurement model and aiming for improvement in the aggregated efficiency, (2) the proposed models integrate selective centralized and decentralized reallocation decisions according to the input-output characteristics, and (3) different scenarios are explored depending on whether the total resources are to be kept the same or reduced through reallocations according to the management's objectives. The application of the proposed models is illustrated with the case study of a supermarket retail chain.     

Environmental outlooks: How they frame futures and long term uncertainty

Futures studies intend to structure our knowledge and our judgement about the future by handling facts and values in a certain way. In other words, futures studies frame futures. These frames might be powerful, triggering social action and societal transformation, yet they risk to be criticised and provoke scepticism. The environmental field has a long tradition in futures studies: environmental outlooks. Some of these outlooks, e.g. those published by the IPCC are among the most prominent examples of outlooks that provoke scientific, social and political debate, create commotion and provoke action. Part of these discussions deal with how outlooks frame the future and how they handle the uncertainty inevitably linked to framing futures. The way these challenges are dealt with may affect the overall assessment of an environmental outlook. This article attempts to identify the way environmental outlooks frame futures. We do not strive for exhaustiveness, but deliberately restrict to an in-depth analysis of a handful of recent environmental outlooks. We conclude that environmental outlooks reflect a lack of clarity and argumentation upon how they frame futures and how they deal with uncertainty. This epistemological and methodological ambiguity risk to affect the outlooks’ credibility and impact.     

The income distribution effects of environmental regulation in China: The case of binding SO2 reduction targets

Faced with serious environmental pollution, strengthening the enforcement of environmental regulations has become a priority for governments, especially with sustainable development as a main goal. However, there is not enough empirical evidence about the income distribution effect of environmental regulations. This paper analyzes binding emissions target as a policy shock of environmental regulation to empirically understand its impact on wage growth and inequality based on household and firm level data from 2002 to 2007 in China. The results show that in more pollution-intensive cities, stricter environmental regulation inhibited wage growth, furthermore widening the income gap between skilled and un-skilled labor. These results were further proofed after taking ventilation coefficients as the instrument variable. Heterogeneous tests show that this negative impact is more serious for un-skilled labor in high-polluting industries and also more significant for those located in the central and eastern parts of China.     

Trade in trash: A political economy approach

We study how the opportunity to trade in trash might influence the equilibrium outcome when the tax on the externality is determined by a political economy process. In our model, individuals have heterogeneous preferences for environmental quality, and there is a wastage of real resources when funds are transferred from the pressure groups to the politicians. When hard-core environmentalists and capitalists are organized interest groups while moderate environmentalists are not organized, we find that the politically chosen tax on the externality is below the optimal Pigouvian level. The opportunity to export waste in unlimited quantities, but at a price, is not the environmentalists’ panacea and does not eliminate political social tension and suboptimal results.     

战略学习能力对竞争优势的影响——双元创新的中介作用与环境动态性的调节效应

战略学习与双元创新已成为企业获取竞争优势的重要途径，但学术界对其作用机理的揭示尚不明确。基于245份中国科技型企业样本数据，探讨战略学习能力对竞争优势的影响，重点分析双元创新在战略学习能力与竞争优势间的中介作用，以及环境动态性对变量间关系的调节效应。结果表明：战略学习能力对双元创新具有显著正向影响，双元创新显著正向影响竞争优势，双元创新在战略学习能力与竞争优势间具有显著中介效应；此外，环境动态性显著负向调节战略学习能力与利用式创新的关系，但对战略学习能力与探索式创新的调节效应不显著；双元创新在战略学习能力与竞争优势间的中介作用受环境动态性的显著调节。研究结论有助于拓展战略学习能力、双元创新及竞争优势理论，促进中国转型经济情境下科技型企业培育，对企业增强竞争优势具有一定启示意义。     

嵌入性与初创企业创新倾向：一个实证研究

初创企业的创新活动非常重要，过去的研究忽视了创业活动所嵌入的社会网络对于初创企业创新活动的影响。基于此，区分3类嵌入性——结构、关系和认知嵌入性对于初创企业创新倾向的不同影响，以及环境不确定性对于这种影响的调节作用。基于中国246家初创企业的数据，实证研究发现结构嵌入性有利于促进创新倾向，环境不确定性增强则会强化关系嵌入性对创新倾向的促进作用和认知嵌入性的抑制作用。     

我国科技风险议题设置的行政法反思

科技风险议题设置是科技风险规制活动的起始，关涉科技风险规制资源投入方向与力度，影响特定行政相对人的权利损益。现行行政主导型科技风险议题设置模式存在与依法行政、行政公正及权责一致原则相抵触的法治危机。风险认知因素、政治因素与法制因素成为科技风险议题设置模式法治危机的根源与内在作用力。我国科技风险议题设置的行政法规制可在考察美国与欧盟科技风险议题设置法律规定与实践的基础上，结合我国实际，重塑规制科技风险议题设置的理念基础，重构科技风险议题设置法制的基本原则，建构风险议题设置法制的主体性制度。