我国居民收入差距与消费需求关系研究

主要研究了收入差距对消费需求的影响。通过建立数学模型,从理论上推导了收入差距的扩大对消费需求的制约作用。在此基础上结合我国城镇居民收入与支出的相关数据,将人群按收入水平划分为高、中、低三组,实证分析高收入人群与低收入人群的收入和消费关系,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

论我国个人所得税的调节收入分配机制

随着我国税制改革逐步完善和征管工作日益加强,个人所得税征收力度和税款增幅显著加大,相应地,其调节收入分配的作用亦日益加强,同时,也应看到在税制设置和征管方面还存在诸多问题,影响了个人所得税的调节作用。本文针对有关问题提出了相应政策,以期对有关部门完善个人所得税有所裨益。     

关于构建国企薪酬制度的思考

国企收入分配制度的改革刻不容缓，不改革一方面制约国企的发展，另一方面导致人才大量流失，还有一方面是岗位技能下降。国企收入分配制度的改革一是向新的薪酬管理观念的转变；二是向激励型薪酬制度转变；三是向拉开差距的新型薪酬制转变；四是向市场决定薪酬转变。     

高校“两课“教学存在的问题与对策之我见

"两课"是对大学生进行马克思主义理论与思想政治教育的主阵地和主渠道,本文分析了"两课"教学存在的主要问题及原因,对提高"两课"教学实效性的对策进行了探索和思考.     

我国经济增长与收入分配战略的评价和思考

本文在介绍收入分配与经济增长相互关系理论的基础上,实证分析了改革开放以来我国经济增长与收入分配战略的所属类型及其政策效应,指出必须从发展战略和结构调整的高度,注重改善我国收入分配关系,以实现社会稳定、经济持续快速增长和人民共同富裕的最终目标。     

收入分配差距与市场化改革

改革开放以来，我国收入分配差距出现不断扩大的趋势，总体贫富差距、城乡居民收入差距、地区收入差距、行业收入差距都在扩大。收入差距不断扩大的根本原因，是市场化改革的不彻底，缺乏以效率为基础的公平制度，权力市场化以及社会保障制度存在缺陷。因此，要缩小收入差距，就必须深化改革，实现真正的市场化：建立以效率为基础的公平制度；充分发挥市场机制作用，严格限制权力参与社会分配；引入竞争机制打破垄断局面；运用经济手段调整收入分配；制定和完善法律法规；完善社会保障制度。     

Timing of environmental inspections: survival of the compliant

Environmental inspection agencies have limited resources. A natural response to this shortage of resources is targeting and this targeting policy leads to higher compliance than random inspections. This paper uses individual inspection data on the inspection policy of the environmental agency for the textile industry in Flanders (Belgium). We distinguish between three types of inspections and use a survival model to show that the environmental agency inspects firms in a non-random way. Even though the agency solves most environmental problems, it can increase compliance by using the deterrence effect of more stringent inspections and sanctions.      

Reconciling sustainability and discounting in Cost–Benefit Analysis: A methodological proposal

The incorporation of the intergenerational equity objective has rendered the traditional Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach obsolete for the evaluation of projects presenting an important number of environmental externalities and for those whose impacts extend throughout a long period of time.Based on the assumption that applying a discount rate rewards current consumption and, therefore, that it is only possible to introduce a certain intergenerational equity in a Cost–Benefit Analysis, in this work we propose an approach to discounting based on a different rationale for tangible and intangible effects. We designed two indicators of environmental profitability: a) the Intergenerational Transfer Amount (ITA), which quantifies in monetary units what the current generation is willing to pass on future generations when an environmental restoration project is carried out, and b) the Critical Environmental Rate (CER), measures the implicit environmental profitability.These concepts were tested through an empirical case study pertaining to the assessment of an Erosion Control Project in the southeast of Spain. The results yield traditional profitability indicators that are higher — and probably closer — to the real values set by the contemporary society. The information provided by the environmental profitability indicators proposed renders more transparency to the quantification of the levels of intergenerational equity applied, thereby facilitating the difficult reconciliation of the CBA technique with the objective of sustainability.     

Mortality,Human Capital and Persistent Inequality

Available evidence suggests high intergenerational correlation of economic status and persistent disparities in health status between the rich and the poor. This paper proposes a mechanism linking the two. We introduce health capital into a two-period overlapping generations model. Private health investment improves the probability of surviving from the first period of life to the next and, along with education, enhances an individual’s labor productivity. Poorer parents are of poor health, unable to invest much in reducing mortality risk and improving their human capital. Consequently, they leave less for their progeny. Despite convex preferences and technologies, initial differences in economic and health status may perpetuate across generations when annuities markets are imperfect.Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation.     

Do we now collect any revenue from taxing capital income?

The U.S. income tax system has long been recognized as a hybrid of an income and consumption tax system, with elements that do not fit naturally into either pure system. What it actually is has important policy implications for, among other things, understanding the impact of moving closer to a pure consumption tax regime. In this paper, we examine the nature of the U.S. income tax system by calculating the revenue and distributional implications of switching from the current system to one form of consumption tax, a modified cash flow tax.