试论气质类型与教育策略

气质是人的典型的、稳定的心理特征，不同气质的人会有不同的心理活动与行为表现，本文从四种气质类型入手，提出了相应的教育策略。     

林业低碳经济探讨

森林由于具有强大的碳汇功能而在发展低碳经济中得到重视。文章在分析发展林业低碳经济必要性的基础上,提出了林业低碳经济的概念,阐述了林业低碳经济的理论基础,从建设森林城市、低碳林区、低碳林业产业以及开发利用林业生物质能源、开展森林碳汇交易等5个方面提出了林业低碳经济的发展策略。     

建立战略管理体系提高企业竞争力

从战略管理的含义出发,阐述了战略管理的三个层次和战略管理的特点,继而对战略管理对公司的重要性进行论述。进一步阐述了战略管理建设与实施过程,战略管理体系的构建与职能以及战略管理体系的建立对企业提高竞争力的作用。     

Crossing the chasm: Leadership nudges to help transition from strategy formulation to strategy implementation

Top managers tend to focus on strategy formulation and planning but fail to embrace the problem-solving complexity of strategy implementation. This can lead to implementation failures that are reflected in misaligned organizations that seem to know where they want to go but cannot seem to get there. We posit that one reason for the ineffective transition from strategy formulation to strategy implementation is that planning is associated with a different set of thought processes and emotional experiences than is required for strategy implementation. We integrate research from management (strategy implementation and change management) with that from psychology (self-regulation and nudges) to identify the transition from strategic planning to implementation as a roadblock that prevents effective strategy implementation. We then present six leadership nudges that aid this transition. The first set of nudges are willpower-enhancing nudges that rely on increasing willpower to help transition from planning to implementation: Remove the distraction to plan, develop implementation intentions, and use verbal framing. The second set are desire-reducing nudges that work to decrease the desirability of planning and in so doing facilitate the transition to implementation: Highlight the end game, leverage a crisis, and celebrate small wins.     

Surviving globalisation

This paper investigates the effects of international trade on firms' strategies for industry exit, either via closedown, switching industry or being acquired. We use a rich dataset of Swedish firms that extends over two decades to track firm choices between alternative strategies. We find that higher levels of international competition increase the probability of exit by merger and closedown. If trade is more intra-industry in character, the effect of import penetration on the probability of exit is less. The probability of exit by switching industry is higher in revealed comparative disadvantage industries. Finally, we find that the geographical source of international competition is important, the effects of trade on exit being strongest when trading partners are other OECD countries.     

当期产出、转移支付与继任博弈

各种组织都存在职位的继任。在任者需要决定当期产出以及留给继任者的转移支付。通过博弈分析可以发现,存在转移支付占个人总贡献的比例为常数的均衡策略,但要同时满足组织总产出最大化目标的难度较大。当参与人只参与一次博弈,则不同类型的参与人策略选择不同,博弈的解是贝叶斯均衡。当某些参数因人而异时,每个参与人的转移支付比例也不一样。如果在任者对于未来贡献的效用评价很低或者无法获得相应的回报时,将出现短视行为、政绩工程和组织中的利他行动提供不足。而在家族式组织的继任中,参与人效用函数受家族关系的影响并且对于继任者人选的限制使得个人和组织最优化目标的偏离扩大。     

德国制定《联邦政府航空战略》提升航空产业竞争力（下）

2013年1月,联邦德国政府审议通过的《联邦政府航空战略》在系统分析德国航空业的发展基础、需求、机遇和挑战等的基础上,明确了其航空业发展的总体目标和重点任务,提出了产政研学等各主体的任务分工,确立了政府加快产业发展的政策举措。德国未来航空体系要满足高效、安全、环保、竞争力强的交通体系要求,联邦政府支持其航空工业保持和提升国际优势地位。为此,联邦政府提出的重点任务包括引领高效、安全、环保的航空产业发展,提升飞机综合集成和制造能力,增强核心领域的实力等等;其具体措施有加强前沿基础研究,继续实施航空研究计划,强化多部门的协同支持,制定航空技术创新路线图,设立专门的贷款支持项目等等。     

论我国企业品牌延伸的实施策略

品牌延伸的具体实施策略是影响延伸效果的重要因素，而延伸实施中最常见和有效的措施就是一般营销策略和副品牌策略。对于国内品牌来说，由于自身状况和国内经济环境的影响，延伸实施中还需要更多关注品牌定位的维护、品牌知名度的提升以及延伸领域的选择等重要问题。     

我国进行国际税收竞争的最优战略与策略分析

本文依据国际税收竞争对我国的积极意义以及我国是发展中大国的战略定位,认为我国应该采取"积极、适度竞争,理性、必要协调"的战略;在竞争策略的选择上,通过对我国主要资本来源国对待本国资本海外投资的规定以及竞争对手国吸引外资相关做法的研究,提出我国应选择"低税率、宽税基、少优惠"的竞争方式和手段,并应注重形成有比较竞争力的税收制度,而不应进行频繁的政策调整.