资本监管制度与贷款损失准备计提会计准则的协调性——小微企业信贷诱导有效性视角

本文考察下调小微企业债权风险权重的《商业银行资本管理办法(试行)》的银行信贷供给诱导有效性及其贷款损失准备计提会计准则规范影响的协调性。研究发现,下调小微企业债权风险权重的资本监管规则实施对银行小微企业信贷供给具有显著诱导有效性,但已发生损失模型下贷款损失准备计提对此具有削弱作用,其削弱路径主要来自会计信息的风险信号传递调节效应,与资本约束中介效应无关。进一步研究发现,相比其他银行,市场竞争力较弱的银行、以市场景气度较高小微企业为主要信贷投放对象的银行,具有更为显著的资本监管诱导有效性及贷款损失准备计提削弱效应,显示提高相关制度协调性并充分发挥市场激励作用,有助于进一步缓解小微企业“信贷配给”现象。     

基于支付清算安排对中央银行货币政策预微调机制的实证研究

2011年11月16日,中国人民银行发布《2011年第三季度中国货币政策执行报告》(以下简称《报告》)指出,下阶段央行将继续实施稳健货币政策,同时密切监测国内外经济金融形势发展变化,把握好政策的力度和节奏,适时适度进行预调微调。那么,如何理解货币政策的预微调机制,支付清算系统作为金融市场的核心基础设施和资金汇划的主干道,是否能够通过应对流动性风险的清算安排获取预微调机制的参考信息。本文将对此进行研究分析。     

A new approach to measuring riskiness in the equity market: Implications for the risk premium

We introduce a new approach to measuring riskiness in the equity market. We propose option implied and physical measures of riskiness and investigate their performance in predicting future market returns. The predictive regressions indicate a positive and significant relation between time-varying riskiness and expected market returns. The significantly positive link between aggregate riskiness and market risk premium remains intact after controlling for the S&P 500 index option implied volatility (VIX), aggregate idiosyncratic volatility, and a large set of macroeconomic variables. We also provide alternative explanations for the positive relation by showing that aggregate riskiness is higher during economic downturns characterized by high aggregate risk aversion and high expected returns.     

Accounting for optimism and pessimism in expected utility

We provide a preference foundation for decision under risk resulting in a model where probability weighting is linear as long as the corresponding probabilities are not extreme (i.e., 0 or 1). This way, most of the elegance and mathematical tractability of expected utility is maintained and also much of its normative foundation. Yet, the new model can accommodate the extreme sensitivity towards changes from 0 to almost impossible and from almost certain to 1 that has widely been documented in the experimental literature. The model can be viewed as “expected utility with the best and worst in mind” as suggested by Chateauneuf, Eichberger and Grant (Chateauneuf, Alain, Eichberger, Jürgen, Grant, Simon, 2007. Choice under uncertainty with the best and worst in mind: NEO-Additive capacities. Journal of Economic Theory 137, 538–567) or, following our preference foundation, interpreted as “expected utility with consistent optimism and pessimism”.     

Asset pricing with loss aversion

The use of standard preferences for asset pricing has not been very successful in matching asset price characteristics, such as the risk-free interest rate, equity premium and the Sharpe ratio, to time series data. Behavioral finance has recently proposed more realistic preferences such as those with loss aversion. Research is starting to explore the implications of behaviorally founded preferences for asset price characteristics. Encouraged by some studies of Benartzi and Thaler [1995. Myopic loss aversion and the equity premium puzzle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1), 73–92] and Barberis et al. [2001. Prospect theory and asset prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics CXVI (1), 1–53] we study asset pricing with loss aversion in a production economy. Here, we employ a stochastic growth model and use a stochastic version of a dynamic programming method with an adaptive grid scheme to compute the above mentioned asset price characteristics of a model with loss aversion in preferences. As our results show using loss aversion we get considerably better results than one usually obtains from pure consumption-based asset pricing models including the habit formation variant.     

意识形态对企业家人力资本的影响路径——以广东温氏食品集团为例

意识形态是社会存在反映,也是一种重要的非正式制度。在回顾意识形态与企业家关系的相关理论的基础上,分析意识形态对企业家人力资本的影响路径。研究认为,意识形态对企业家人力资本的影响也由此可依次分为三个阶段：企业家对意识形态感知的认识阶段;企业家理性判断是否将共有意识形态纳入已有认知结构的评价阶段;共有的意识形态转化为个性化意识形态的实现阶段。论文结合广东温氏集团案例,揭示意识形态影响企业家人力资本的阶段性路径特征,提出针对意识形态对企业家人力资本影响的阶段性特点的阶段性战略,认识阶段增强企业家角色偏好,评价阶段降低企业家对意识形态判断的交易成本,实现阶段打造企业家声誉等,以期从而促进企业家人力资本提升。