金融工具会计准则应用研究——基于中航油2001-2005年报分析

本文从财务会计视角，以中航油事件为案例，对金融工具会计准则的应用与改进进行了分析，以期为日益增多的从事衍生金融工具交易的中国企业进行恰当会计处理提供警示。     

Employee stock ownership and job attitudes: Does culture matter?

The large majority of the existing research on the attitudinal effects of employee stock ownership is Anglo-Saxon by nature. Considering that the cultural relativity of management practices is largely documented in the cross-cultural management literature, the international external validity of existing evidence can be questioned. Since virtually no past studies have addressed this issue, it seems important to wonder to what extent cultural values determine the attitudinal effects of employee stock ownership. According to the Lytle et al. [Lytle, A. L., Brett, J. M., Barsness, Z. I., Tinsley, C. H., & Janssens, M., (1995). A paradigm for confirmatory cross–cultural research in organizational behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 167–214] paradigm, four cultural dimensions have been identified as likely moderators of the employee ownership–attitudes relationships and some theoretical propositions have been generated. Finally, some adaptations in the employee stock ownership plan's design and communication are recommended in order to improve its attitudinal effects in different cultural settings.     

Abstract types and distributions in independent private value auctions

A large body of the mechanism design literature relies on convexity assumptions on the set of types (that is, on the domain of the mechanism). In this note I show that, at least for auction mechanisms with independent signals, it is always possible to extend incentive compatible mechanisms to incentive compatible mechanisms defined on any larger set of types. I acknowledge the comments of Luis Braido, Sérgio Orioli, Humberto Moreira, Frank Page and an anonymous referee. The financial support of Edital Universal 02/06, CNPq is gratefully acknowledged.     

家庭暴力的防范与价值观培育

家庭暴力是影响社会发展的毒瘤，严重危害着人们的身心健康，是构建和谐社会必须解决的重要问题。家庭暴力产生的根本原因是由于正确价值观的缺位所造成的。为从根本上预防和消除家庭暴力的发生，就必须引导人们树立正确的价值观，正确认识各种家庭关系；树立正确的家庭文明观，家庭伦理观，并在全社会培养一种关怀意识。     

Media Portrayal of Voluntary Public Reporting About Corporate Social Responsibility Performance: Does Coverage Encourage or Discourage Ethical Management?

Drawing on constructionist theory, this study examines how the media portrayed five public reporting events initiated by the Fair Labor Association (FLA), considering whether the coverage encourages or discourages companies from undertaking a reporting initiative as part of their ethical management. Media coverage was limited but generally favorable across all five events. Coverage frequently included claims made by FLA spokespersons and provided basic facts about the organization and its activities. Extensive detail about labor violations found by monitors was often included. Additional media coverage centered around themes of public reporting and transparency, an assessment of the FLA’s work, brand accountability and responsibility of corporations with regard to working conditions and labor standards, and specifics about the factory monitoring and partnering with factories and NGOs that is necessary to achieve change. Counter-claims brought question to the FLA’s efforts. Explanations about why the social condition exists were fairly limited, and thus, provided little insight into how the problems might be resolved. We discuss managerial implications regarding public reporting initiatives and media coverage, particularly regarding the countering effects of positive coverage and diminishing news stories.     

Seven Exercises to Get Students Thinking

This article contains seven exercises I have used in my Business Ethics classes. A central aim of the class is to clarify the values which guide ethical consideration and use these to evaluate a range of business activities. The value of these exercises lies in their ability to connect the personal to the economic and political and in so-doing, to clarify what it might mean to personally lead an ethical life as a more aware business person, consumer and citizen. The discussions these exercises facilitate can, in the hands of a competent teacher, be both broad ranging and profound. Their ability to connect the larger economic world to ones own personal world of values have been greatly appreciated by my own students and they are offered here in the hope that they might be of some value to others in the field.     

Impact of MBA Education on Students’ Values: Two Longitudinal Studies

The impact of 2-year residential fulltime MBA program on students’ values was studied using a longitudinal design and data collected over 7 years from a business school in India. Values were measured when students entered the program, and again when they graduated. Sample in Study 1 consisted of 229 students from three consecutive graduating classes. Rank-order or ipsative measure of values was used. Results of matched sample t-tests show that self-oriented values like a comfortable life and pleasure become more important and others-oriented values like being helpful and polite become less important over 2 years. The moderating role of sex and functional specialization are also analyzed. Study 2 used a non-ipsative measure of values and a sample of 138 students from two consecutive graduating classes. Results show that management education enhances self-monitoring and importance of self-oriented values and reduces the importance of others-oriented values. The effect on both sets of values remains significant even after controlling for self-monitoring.     

Irreversible investment with uncertainty and strategic behavior

The paper provides a model of technology adoption in the case where adopting alone is more expensive than adopting when others have already done so (network effect). In addition, if each agent gains at the expense of his rivals, he may also have an incentive for ‘preemptive adoption’. We deal with these two issues in a dynamic programing framework, where adoption is seen as a strategic switching time decision problem for agents facing an ongoing stochastic operating benefit plus sunken investment costs. The model defines the option value of investing for a continuous time stochastic game. In the case of network benefits alone, agents follow a stationary bandwagon strategy, representing the effect caused by a war of attrition. Yet, as network benefits reduce adoption costs after an agent has switched, rivals may follow suit. In the opposite case, where going first gives the innovator a higher payoff the bandwagon rule is turned over and the option value of investing first may be lower than that of going second. This gives rise to sequential adoption.     

Privacy in the Information Age: Stakeholders, Interests and Values

Privacy is a relational and relative concept that has been defined in a variety of ways. In this paper we offer a systematic discussion of potentially different notions of privacy. We conclude that privacy as the freedom or immunity from the judgement of others is an extremely useful concept to develop ways in which to understand privacy claims and associated risks. To this end, we develop a framework of principles that explores the interrelations of interests and values for various stakeholders where privacy concerns have risen or are expected to rise. We argue that conflicts between the interests and values of different stakeholders may result in legitimate claims of privacy/transparency being ignored or underrepresented. Central to this analysis is the notion of a stakeholder. We argue that stakeholders are persons or groups with legitimate interests, of intrinsic value, in the procedural and/or substantive aspects of the privacy/transparency claim and subsequent judgements on that basis. Using the principles of access, representation, and power, which flow from our framework of analysis, we show how they can facilitate the identification of potential privacy/transparency risks using examples from the British National Health Service.