中国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响--基于1978-2004年数据的检验

大多数研究表明,改革开放以来,中国整体金融发展显著扩大了城乡收入差距,同时,它们从城乡金融发展不平衡角度进行了理论阐释。本文则从农村自身经济发展层面出发运用1978-2004年的相关数据分析了农村金融发展与城乡收入差距之间的关系,结果显示:农村金融发展扩大了城乡收入差距,究其原因主要是农村资金的不断外流和非正规金融的不规范发展,加剧了城乡收入差距的扩大。现实的出路是遏制农村资金外流,提供更多的农村正规金融资源;规范非正规金融发展,防范农村金融风险。     

金融风险管理的演进:动因、影响及启示

近半个世纪以来,无论是金融风险管理的理念和组织架构,还是金融风险管理的具体内容和方法,都发生了巨大的变化。本文从金融机构对自身利益的追逐、外部环境的复杂多变、金融理论与技术的进步以及人们对重大损失性事件的反思等方面,深刻地揭示了推动金融风险管理演进的主要因素,沿着这一思路,本文进一步分析了这一演进给金融领域带来的深远影响及其对我国金融业发展的启示意义。     

可持续增长率与财务管理目标相关性分析

可持续增长率是企业现有财务资源所能够支持的销售收入的最大增长率,代表企业最适宜的增长速度。企业的财务管理目标是企业价值最大化,而决定企业价值的重要因素是由销售收入增长所带来的未来现金流量。企业以可持续增长率作为销售增长目标,有利于企业价值的持续增加;而将企业价值最大化作为财务管理目标又有利于企业的可持续增长,可持续增长率与财务管理目标密切相关。本文将以可持续增长率与财务管理目标的相关性作为研究起点,试图从财务管理目标的角度来进一步认识可持续长率。     

中国农村金融体系的资金配置功能分析

按照金融功能观,资金配置是金融体系最重要的功能.中国农村金融体系未能有效地发挥资金配置功能,是因为过去的农村金融改革主要遵循金融机构观.金融机构观使得农村金融体系不能适应外部环境,从而也就不能满足农村经济发展的需要.     

Monetary Policy and Financial Markets

Monetary policy and financial markets are intrinsically linked. Central banks conduct monetary policy by influencing financial market prices. Financial market prices reflect the expectations of market participants about future economic and monetary developments. Monetary policy works primarily through expectations. Transparency and credibility render monetary policy more effective. However, they are no substitutes for action. If a credible central bank uses words with the explicit aim of substituting them for action, it will risk losing credibility. To avoid what has been described as “the dog chasing its tail” problem, central banks must exercise caution in basing their monetary policy decisions on financial market information. The information about expected future developments reflected in market prices must be continuously cross-checked against economic and monetary indicators in what amounts to a “checks and balances” approach to monetary policy.     

Financial acumen, women speculators, and the Royal African company during the South Sea bubble

Price bubbles provide a unique opportunity to study the financial acumen of shareholders. We focus on the 1720 South Sea episode as experienced by the Royal African Company whose stock was more speculative than other joint stocks. During 1720 the company had a new large stock issue. This paper examines the financial acumen of those women who traded senior and engrafted stock across 1720. We find that depending on the pricing regime, these women at worst broke even on their activities or had positive speculative gains. Our findings are consistent with a growing literature on the positive link between gender, capital gains and financial markets.     

Sources of gains from international portfolio diversification

This paper looks at the determinants of country and industry specific factors in international portfolio returns using a sample of forty eight countries and thirty nine industries over the last three decades. Country factors have remained relatively stable over the sample period while industry factors have significantly increased during the last decade and dropped again since 2000. The importance of industry and country factors is correlated with measures of economic and financial international integration and development. We find that financial market globalization is the main driving force behind the changes in relative magnitude of the different shocks. Country factors are smaller for countries integrated in world financial markets and have declined as the degree of financial integration and the number of countries pursuing financial liberalization has increased. Higher international financial integration within an industry increases the importance of industry factors in explaining returns. Economic integration of production also helps in explaining returns. Countries with a more specialized production activity have higher country shocks.     

A study of earnings-management motives in the Anglo-American and Euro-Continental accounting models: The Canadian and French cases

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that potentially influence earnings-management policy with reference to the Anglo-American and Euro-Continental accounting models. Canada and France, respectively, belong to those different socio-economic environments. Earnings-management practices detected in those countries are expected to be affected by specific socio-economic features of the Anglo-American and the Euro-Continental environments. We explain earnings-management practices by incentives suggested in the literature to reveal which motives are prominent within each environment.We tested our earnings-management motives (EMM) model using appropriate panel-estimation techniques over 1674 Canadian and 1470 French firm-year observations. Our results provide evidence that incentives for earnings management for French firms are specifically linked to contractual debt costs and effective tax rate. However, Canadian firms show specific incentives matched with a dynamic capital market. Issuing equity is a strong motive for earnings management in Canadian firms.     

基于融资视角的中国金融结构与金融稳定研究

通过对中国金融运行的实证检验和分析发现,以银行中介和金融市场划分的两种金融结构各有优势,只要能够满足金融资源高效配置的金融结构都符合经济发展的需要,不必对金融结构进行人为的割裂。中国的金融体系存在着转化投资的高效率和资源配置的低效率这样一对突出矛盾,其主要原因是金融资源的配置失当,这是当前中国金融稳定的潜在威胁,解决问题的关键是要对金融体系进行市场化改革并完善基础设施建设。     

国际收支与金融市场效率问题的探讨

以“逆差 顺差”为特点的美国国际收支结构是很难长期持续的,美国经常项目很可能会经历趋向平衡的调整过程。由于中美两国国际收支结构存在较强的互补性,美国国际收支结构的调整对目前中国国际收支结构提出了严峻挑战。金融市场的行政分割、金融资源结构及流向的不合理是影响中国国际收支结构失衡的重要因素,因此中国应该完善和发展金融市场,积极主动地调整目前失衡的国际收支结构以应对美国国际收支结构调整可能给中国经济发展带来的不利影响。