中国收入分配结构演变对国内旅游消费的影响

国内旅游是成熟旅游业的主体，其发展与经济水平高度相关。本文从居民收入及其分配结构演变角度，对20年来中国国内旅游消费及其特征进行理论性分析。     

物流配送车辆路径的优化方法分析

随着经济全球化的不断发展,各区域的经济交流不断加强,物流行业迅速发展起来,同时配送成本在物流行业发展过程中显得越来越重要。物流企业要想在激烈的社会竞争中不被淘汰,就必须考虑如何降低随着社会结构改变而出现复杂化的物流配送成本,不断提高自身的综合竞争力。文中主要介绍了有关计算和改进物流配送车辆路径优化方面的问题,着重论述了对蚁群算法在降低物流配送成本,以及物流配送车辆在路径优化上中的应用,从而选择出对配送车辆路径进行最好的优化的方法。     

航材备件需求预测模型与应用研究

分析了航材消耗与需求特点,从计算航材换件次数的角度进行分析,采用简单的函数拟合算法,给出需求规律拟合公式,结合具体实例进行了器材需求预测,并给出预测。计算结果表明,计算过程简单,拟合效果较好,易于工程采用。     

Modelling international tourism and country risk spillovers for Cyprus and Malta

Small Island Tourism Economies (SITEs) are developing sovereign countries that rely on tourism as a source of exports, and need a consistent inflow of foreign investment in order to facilitate economic growth. Access to international capital markets helps SITEs smooth out their consumption over time, while absorbing adverse domestic production shocks. This paper provides a comparison of tourism growth, country risk returns and their associated volatilities (or uncertainty) for 2 SITEs, namely Cyprus and Malta. Monthly data are available for both international tourist arrivals and composite country risk ratings compiled by the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) for the period May 1986 to May 2002. The time-varying conditional variances of tourism growth and country risk returns for the 2 SITEs are analysed using multivariate models of conditional volatility. Empirical results show that Cyprus and Malta are complementary destinations for international tourists. Changes to tourism patterns in Cyprus lead to changes to tourism patterns in Malta. Hence, tour operators and national tourism promotion authorities in Cyprus and Malta should collaborate closely in marketing and promoting joint tourism products. Moreover, foreign entities interested in investing in the tourism sectors of Cyprus and Malta should consider investment projects that span a long period of time. The performance of the tourism sector and the associated composite risk are independent of each other for the two countries. However, there is a direct relationship between the tourism sectors of Cyprus and Malta and their respective country risk settings.     

Do oil tariffs lower wages?

An oil tariff has potential to alter the pattern of production and income distribution across productive factors. This paper use a general equilibrium model of production and trade with inputs of capital, labor, and international energy to examine the effects of an oil tariff. Under a range of conditions, higher energy prices created by oil tariffs would lower the ratio of wages to capital rents, and production of labor intensive goods would fall. This paper concentrates on the potential of oil tariffs to alter patterns of production and income distribution.     

苏里格气田苏54区块气水分布特征分析

在地层水化学分析、气水层的识别的基础上,对苏里格气田苏54区块气水的分布特征及分布规律开展深入研究。区块东部基本不产水,其余区域均有地层水的存在,并且在一定程度上具有连片分布的特征。2012年在东部筛选不产水的区域集中,Ⅰ+Ⅱ类井比例达到72.0%,平均无阻流量10.6×104m3/d,2口水平井试气均达百万方,开发效果良好。     

Agricultural productivity growth in Brazil: Large and small farms excel

The long-standing debate on the relationship between farm size and productivity has been generally limited by the range of farm sizes evaluated and the definition of productivity. In this paper we use data from three Brazilian agricultural censuses to address these issues. In particular, we introduce a wider distribution of farm sizes than presently available from the literature and we employ total factor productivity (TFP) as our performance measure. In doing so, we test which farm size class had the highest TFP levels in 1985 and 2006, how factor productivity growth varied within and across farm size classes between those years, and which policy or factor had the greatest productivity enhancing effect. When examining TFP growth, we move beyond the common decomposition into technical and efficiency changes by identifying the complete distribution of farm productivity performances. We find that by 2006 a U-shaped distribution of productivity over farm sizes had emerged. Considerable 1985–2006 TFP growth differences are prevalent; positive rates for the majority accompany stagnant or negative rates for some. Public education investments were associated with faster productivity growth regardless of farm size, while technical assistance’s positive effect and credit’s negative effect were associated with larger farm sizes. The role of specialization varied by size.     

New perspectives on farm size and productivity

The farm size and productivity debate has been limited by the focus on land or labor productivity, generally showing respective productivity advantages to smaller or larger sized farms. Our purpose is to provide new perspectives on the debate by bringing together evidence from a set of novel case studies in both rich and poor countries. Common to them are the adoption of total factor productivity (TFP) as the comparative performance measure, and the reliance on panels of farm micro data. The present article presents a synthesis of findings from five case studies in (i) Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda; (ii) Bangladesh; (iii) Brazil; (iv) Australia; and (v) the United States. The preponderance of evidence from these studies suggests that there is no single economically optimal agrarian structure; rather, it appears to evolve with the stage of economic development. Certain farm sizes face relative productivity advantages, such as small farms in Africa. But with economic and market growth, that smallholder advantage will likely attenuate, moving toward constant and eventually increasing returns to size. Yet, importantly, small farms may be quite dynamic, and need not be a drag on agricultural growth until perhaps well into the development process.     

国有煤炭企业收入分配制度改革研究

分析了煤炭行业作为传统行业,内部收入分配制度中存在的整体收入水平偏低、平均主义倾向以及收入分配关系不合理等主要问题。并针对这些问题明确了收入分配制度改革的总体思路,提出调整收入分配模式、理顺收入分配关系、强化收入分配基础及配套工作等改革措施,对国有企业收入分配制度改革有一定的借鉴意义。