经营绩效反馈、环境不确定性与企业广告投入

基于2012～2015年深沪两市A股上市公司样本数据,对经营绩效反馈和企业广告投入之间的关系进行了理论分析和实证检验,并进一步考察了环境不确定性的调节作用。研究结果表明：（1）当企业未实现资本市场经营预期时,随着实际绩效低于经营预期程度的增大,企业广告投入将减少;（2）当企业实现资本市场经营预期时,随着实际绩效高于经营预期程度的增大,企业广告投入将增加;（3）当企业未实现资本市场经营预期时,与低不确定性环境相比,高不确定性环境中企业经营绩效负反馈对广告投入的负向影响将增强;（4）当企业实现资本市场经营预期时,与低不确定性环境相比,高不确定性环境中企经营绩效正反馈对企业广告投入的正向影响将增强。     

开放条件下的财政与货币政策效果分析

引入国际经济部门之后,IS—LM模型扩展为IS—LM—BP模型,财政政策、货币政策的效果或被放大,或被抑制,完全不同于封闭经济情形下的分析。以IS—LM—BP模型为切入点,分别对固定和浮动汇率制度下的财政、货币政策效果进行了分析。     

地方财政支出与地方经济增长关系的区域性分析——基于江苏沿海区域的面板数据经验研究

通过数理方法分析地方财政支出与地方经济增长的关系,并利用江苏沿海区域1999-2006年的相关数据建立面板数据模型实证研究,发现江苏沿海区域财政支出规模没有达到最佳,财政支出结构不尽合理。这试图为地方政府在发展地方经济过程中,对自身行为边界的把握和行为手段的选择提供理论依据。避免存在着经济职能的“缺位”、“越位”、“错位”问题。     

开发长春汽车产业主体功能区的财政政策建议

财政政策对推进主体功能区建设具有重要作用,可以引导资源要素合理流动,促进经济快速发展,推进基本公共服务均等化。长春汽车产业区应作为主体功能区的重点开发区,财政政策要具体地为重点开发汽车产业区提供支持和服务。     

湖南省财政教育支出的政策思路

改革开放30年来,湖南教育发展虽然取得了巨大成就,但仍存在很多突出的问题,如财政投入缺口大、财政性教育经费地区结构不合理等问题.教育作为一种特殊的公共物品,需要政府财政的大力支持.如何发挥湖南财政的作用,加大财政对教育的投入,形成合理的财政教育支出结构,提高财政支持教育的效果,不仅关系到湖南教育发展目标的实现,也关系到湖南的可持续发展战略.     

实现经济平衡增长的公共支出规模分析

随着政府对经济干预程度的加强,公共支出对经济增长的影响日益提高,成为继劳动、资本、技术之后影响经济增长的又一重要因素。在一定时期、一定条件下,为实现一国经济平衡增长,应合理确定公共支出规模,明确界定公共支出范围,大力压缩公共消费支出,进一步加大预算外资金的管理力度,逐步将预算外资金纳入预算内管理,实现预算的综合与完整。     

The Elasticity of Taxable Income: The Case of South Africa

A key tax policy parameter that has received much attention in the international literature, but about which there is substantial uncertainty, is the overall elasticity of taxable income. The size of this parameter is central to the formulation of tax and transfer policy, as well as for the study of the welfare implications of tax decisions. This paper uses a panel of individual tax returns for the period 2009–2013 and the phenomenon of “bracket creep” to construct instrumental variable estimates of the sensitivity of income to changes in tax rates. Estimates suggest that the overall elasticity of taxable income is approximately 0.3, while that of broad income is significantly lower. The overall response is primarily driven by the elastic response of taxable income for high‐income earners, who have an elasticity of closer to 0.4. Using the elasticity estimates within an optimal tax framework, it is determined that the optimal marginal tax rate for the top 10% of income earners is broadly in line with the current income tax schedule. However, results also suggest that there is little scope for raising marginal rates on high‐income earners further without inducing a negative revenue response.     

技术创新价值与政府资源支持对科技民企研发支出的影响研究

企业研发支出可以反映其研发行为的过程和结果.分析技术创新的市场价值与政府资源支持对科技民企研发支出总规模和各阶段规模的影响,有助于明晰市场和制度因素影响技术创新的机制和效果.对中小板297家高科技民企的检验表明:技术创新价值对企业资本性和费用性研发支出均有显著正向影响;财政补贴显著正向调节技术创新价值分别与资本性和费用性研发支出的正向关系,且对前者的调节效应大于对后者的调节效应;税收激励对技术创新价值与资本性和费用性研发支出关系的调节效应均不显著;财政补贴对高科技民企的研发支出规模有更好的驱动效果.     

Integrating local ecological services into intergovernmental fiscal transfers: The case of the ecological ICMS in Brazil

Local conservation efforts are often related to benefits at higher governmental levels. On the one hand, these efforts are strongly connected to local land-use decisions. On the other hand, activities such as sustainable water management or biodiversity conservation are associated with regional, national or even global public goods. Therefore, spatial externalities or spillovers exist, which—if not adequately compensated for—lead to an underprovision of the public goods and services concerned. This article investigates intergovernmental fiscal transfers as an innovative instrument for compensating local jurisdictions for the ecological goods and services they provide across local boundaries. From a public finance perspective, fiscal transfers are a suitable instrument for internalising spatial externalities. However, most federal states use this instrument predominantly for social and economic public sector functions rather than for ecological ones. This article investigates the case of the ecological “ICMS” that was first introduced by a few states in Brazil during the 1990s. Part of the revenue from this value-added tax is redistributed to the local level on the basis of ecological indicators. In this way, the state level uses fiscal transfers to compensate municipalities for the existence of protected areas and other ecological services provided within their territories. The Brazilian experience illustrates that such fiscal transfers can represent both a compensation for land-use restrictions and an incentive to value and engage in more conservation activities at the local level.     

政府采购制度:强化财政支出管理的必由之路

长期以来,我国财政资金使用效益不高,开支浪费大,监督机制不健全,并由此产生腐败现象,阻碍了经济的发展。建立政府采购制度是解决上述问题的重要途径,也是强化我国财政支出管理的必由之路