人力资本视角下高等教育发展对产业结构升级影响的实证研究——基于VAR模型的回归估计

高等教育发展与产业结构升级之间具有密切关系。本文利用1998—2012年间的数据,在VAR模型估计的基础上,使用协整检验、脉冲响应、方差分解和Granger因果关系检验对高等教育发展与产业结构升级之间的动态影响关系做了实证研究。结果发现,高等教育投入经费不利于我国产业结构升级;而高等教育毕业生促进了我国产业结构高级化进程,并且是其调整优化的Granger原因。     

基于DEA模型的地方公共文化财政支出绩效评价——以青岛市为例

提高公共文化服务水平是地方政府加强财政管理的重要内容之一,评价地方公共文化财政支出绩效成为促进文化事业发展的关键。近年来,青岛市地方公共文化财政支出规模不断上升,但与市域范围内基本公共文化服务均等化要求相比尚有一定差距,亟需进行地方公共文化财政支出的绩效评价。DEA模型实证分析结果表明:青岛市公共文化财政支出的综合技术效率不高,公共文化资源供给能力存在较大提升空间;规模效率呈下降趋势,公共文化财政投入能力尚未达到最佳;纯技术效率上下波动,公共文化财政支出服务能力缺乏稳定性。鉴于此,建立多元化的公共文化资金来源机制、形成公共文化财政投入的稳定增长机制、完善相关财政资金绩效考核机制成为当前青岛市提高地方公共文化财政支出绩效的客观选择。     

对优化我国财政农业支出问题的思考

在国际金融危机下,我国采取积极的财政政策,加大了对"三农"工作的投入。通过分析我国财政政策投资领域方向、财政农业支出的现状与存在的问题,以及财政农业支出与国内生产总值之间的相关系数与回归模型,提出优化我国财政农业支出的对策与建议,促进农村与农业发展,不断增加农民收入。     

States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints

State capacity has become one of the most discussed concepts in development economics and political economy. In this survey we argue that the study of economic history provides vital insights into the process through which modern states have acquired ‘state capacity’. By evaluating the process of state building across a range of different countries in Europe and Asia, we are able to ‘decompress’ the relationship between state capacity and economic growth. Our analysis emphasizes the variegated nature of the state building process. We focus on recent research that helps to elucidate the mechanisms that relate state capacity to economic growth.     

腐败与公共支出结构问题研究——基于我国城市数据的实证分析

现有研究一致认为腐败会促使财政支出规模膨胀,导致公共支出结构扭曲。本文采用我国东、中、西部120个城市的经验证据,实证检验了地方政府腐败对公共支出结构的影响,并提出了相应的政策建议。实证研究发现,腐败显著提高了行政管理支出的比重,但其对经济建设支出相对规模的影响则是不确定的。     

中国省级税制结构变动的主导动因——基于面板门限模型的检验

国际经济一体化和国内政策调整主导了税制结构变化.政策制定者若顺应税制结构一般演变规律相应进行调整将会实现社会和谐发展,调整应同时兼顾国际化带来的冲击.从长期来看,经济发展对税制结构的作用程度减弱.若不存在冲击波动,税制结构将趋于稳定;税收来源的多元化和税收收入的指数化有利于降低税制结构波动程度.因此,开征财产税,实现社会保障的费改税,建构多元化且指数化的税收收入体系是我国中长期税制改革的方向.     

Analysis of Korean millennials’ travel expenditure patterns: an almost ideal demand system approach

ABSTRACT

Generational cohorts can differ in their consumption patterns and preferred travel behavior. As the millennial generation represents an important economic force and influences new consumption trends, this study utilizes nationwide data and almost ideal demand system (AIDS) approach to examine expenditure patterns of Korean travelers during holidays. In this process, the joint effects of travel-related characteristics are also examined. The results of the AIDS estimation on data from 871 domestic travelers reveal significantly different travel expenditure patterns for cohorts. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of how different generational cohorts allocate their travel budgets to respective travel expenditure categories.     

新疆吐鲁番地区农村国债发行情况调查分析

多年来，国债一直是城镇居民投资的热点，农村居民购买国债难的问题日趋突出。一方面，城市内的银行机构承担着国债承购包销任务却完不成承销计划；而另一方面却是农村居民想买而买不到国债。本文对这一问题的深层次原因及农村居民购买国债的可能性进行了分析，在此基础上，提出了拓宽农村居民购买国债渠道的几点建议。     

Expenditure Pattern for Food Away from Home Consumption in Turkey

ABSTRACT

One of the largest recent changes in consumer food purchasing behavior is the trend towards greater consumption of food eaten outside the home. Between 1994 and 2000, the share of total food expenditures spent on food away from home (FAFH) increased from 7 to 15% with an increasing share for fast-food facilities. This study focuses on whether demographic and socioeconomic factors have detectable effects on Turkish FAFH expenditures. This question is of interest because previous studies suggest that increasing household income, education, female labor participation and changing lifestyle especially in developing countries increased household FAFH consumption share but decreased food at home consumption share. However, no study to our knowledge has examined the combined effect of income, education, employment, and family status on Turkish FAFH consumption. The data for this research were obtained from personal interviews of representative sample households of the province of Adana in Turkey. The findings of this study generally indicate that restaurant facilities, employment of wife and education, composition of household, and income are statistically significant determinants of FAFH consumption.     

Can household-based food consumption surveys be used to make inferences about nutrient intakes and inadequacies? A Bangladesh case study

Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES) are increasingly being used to make inferences about individual food consumption, despite the fact that they collect food data at only the household level. Usually the analysis assumes that the household’s food is distributed among its members in direct proportion to each member’s share of the household’s total energy requirements; what is referred to as the adult male equivalent (AME) approach. Using the 2011–2012 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey—which collected consumption data for all members of rural households using combined 24-hour recall (24HR) and food weighing methods—this study directly compared probability-based average estimates of intakes, intake gaps, and the prevalence of inadequacies as estimated by the 24HR and those calculated using the AME approach for energy and each of four micronutrients: vitamin A, iron, zinc, and calcium.At the population level, for iron, vitamin A, and calcium, more than 97% of all individuals had the same estimated prevalence of adequate or inadequate nutrient intakes using 24HR and AME-based estimates. In the case of energy and zinc, roughly 77 and 83% of the sample population had identical adequacy statuses, respectively. The magnitude of inadequacies (the nutrient gaps) differed by 8 percentage points for energy and less than 3 percentage points for the four micronutrients. Disaggregating intakes and inadequacies by age groups revealed that the vast majority of variance between the two methods was highly concentrated in the first few years of life. Children 3 years of age and younger constituted 7.5% of the population but had 13.1% of the inconsistencies in intake adequacy status. 54% of children 3 and under had at least one pair of inconsistent prevalence estimates. While there are important differences in the levels of estimated energy and micronutrient intakes using 24HR and the AME-based estimates for children 3 and under, the results are remarkably comparable for the rest of the population.