我国证券税制改革研究

我国证劵市场目前主要存在流转税过重、所得税混乱、财产税缺失、行为税错位等缺陷.现行证劵税制可以在遵循前瞻性和阶段性相统一、独立性和复合性相兼备、刚性和弹性相结合的3大原则的基础上有针对性地进行改革,以达到促进证券市场的稳定健康发展、减轻税负和规范税制以及与国际接轨的目标.     

国际贸易与中国的实际经济周期——基于封闭与开放经济的RBC模型比较分析

本文先确定中国宏观经济波动的特征事实:消费波动与产量高度相关、投资波动大于产出的波动、净出口与GDP呈反周期变化。然后分别用封闭经济模型、小国开放经济模型和考虑了政府购买冲击的小国开放经济模型对中国经济进行实证检验。研究发现,封闭经济模型仅能解释产出、消费和投资波动的48.26%、24.39%和98.50%;而小国开放经济模型分别可以解释68.70%、69.51%、98.50%和TB/GDP率的97.42%;考虑了政府购买的小国开放经济模型的解释程度分别是83.91%、81.95%、99.63%和TB/GDP率的209.68%。比较分析表明开放经济模型比封闭经济模型能较好地解释中国的经济现象,并且随着政府购买引入到开放经济模型,该模型对经济的解释能力显著提高,说明这一模型更符合中国经济的特征事实。     

保持经常项目顺差与金融项目逆差:中国维持经济持续增长的唯一路径

本文分析了当前中国大经济体与人民币小货币之间的矛盾,指出借鉴二战后美元以及上世纪70—80年代前西德马克的历史经验,通过金融账户逆差向外输出人民币和人民币资产以推进人民币国际化才是保持中国经济平稳增长的正确途径;文章进而从中国巨额外汇储备、实体经济实力以及当代不稳定双本位国际货币体系等方面继续论证了人民币国际化的历史趋势性。     

全面补偿协议在保证保险经营中的应用

全面补偿协议(GIA)是美国合同保证保险业务实践中普遍使用的一种契约形式,其本质是对保险人追偿权利的固化和具体化。以GIA协议代替严格的反担保机制,不仅更加全面地维护了保险人的追偿权益,也更好地兼顾了权利人和义务人共同的利益诉求。借鉴美国经验,全面引入GIA协议,构建保证保险各方当事人共赢机制,是推动我国保证保险制度走向成熟和规范的必要途径。     

The unsung impact of currency risk on the performance of international real property investment

The paper revisits the currency risk debate to ascertain the statistical significance of currency risk on the return of international real property investment, especially in a period of increased exchange rate volatility. After statistical analyses of the returns of a portfolio of office investments in seven Asia Pacific cities over the 1986 to 2007 period, it was found that currency risk had a statistically significant positive impact on the performance of the portfolio of office investments. This is confirmed by the results of stochastic dominance test. If the results of this study are verified by subsequent studies, and the past reliably presages the future, they would imply that investors holding portfolios of real property investments in the sample markets might not need to be unduly concerned with currency risk.     

Firms' investments in general training and the skilled labour market

An adverse selection model is analysed, where firms can train or hire a skilled worker. In equilibrium, the market wage is determined by supply and demand. The quality of the supplied skilled labour is negatively biased, because workers stem from firms that shut down and from firms that observed their trainee's bad quality during the training. If fewer firms were to shut down, then the supplied average quality deteriorates and the incentive to train increases. The incentive is inefficient, because firms must share the informational rent and they free-ride. Ex ante workers may wish to increase the firms' bargaining power.     

新准则和通则对产品成本核算影响的思考

2006年由财政部发布的新的企业会计准则和财务通则，对产品成本项目、不计入存货成本的相关费用、制造费用的分配等产品成本核算的有关内容产生了影响。本文将就新企业会计准则和财务通则，对产品成本核算产生的影响和有关问题进行研究。     

Mending the family tree a reconciliation of the linearization and levels schools of AGE modelling

This paper offers a critical comparison between the North American levels school of applied general equilibrium modelling, and the Norwegian/Australian school of linearizers. The paper develops both the levels and linearized representations of a neoclassical multiregion trade model. This is used as a vehicle for focusing attention on similarities and differences between the two schools. The main conclusions are: (i) that both the levels and linearized versions of non-linear AGE model offer a valid starting point for obtaining accurate solutions to the non-linear equilibrium problem; (ii) when update formulae are not employed, linearized representations are particularly prone to erroneous welfare conclusions; (iii) the levels representation offers a more natural starting point for expressing accounting conditions, whereas behavioural relationships are relatively more easily expressed in a linearized representation. Recent software developments now make both approaches to the representation and solution of non-linear AGE models convenient to implement. Thus the choice of which approach to use will depend on the special needs and preferences of the economist implementing the model. The two traditions of AGE modelling have a great deal in common and both would benefit from greater cooperation.     

论我国个人所得税功能定位

随着收入分配差距不断拉大,要求设计一套完美的个人所得税制减小收入差距的呼声很高。笔者认为,现行的个人所得税制度的调节功能没有发挥出来,同时由于我国居民所得来源的多样化,因此仅依靠个人所得税来调节收入也是不现实的。因此在设计一套我国个人所得税制之前有必要对个人所得税的功能进行重新定位,这对我国个人所得税的未来改革具有指导意义。     

Improving the way land use change is handled in economic models

Sound economic modelling of land use in global economic models is critical for evaluating agricultural, biofuel, and climate policies. Current approaches do not preserve physical land area, do not account for the fact that land is of different qualities, or do not explicitly include the cost of converting land from one use to another. This study proposes a land use modelling framework building on the additive form of the constant elasticity of transformation (ACET) approach. We demonstrated that the framework could (1) directly provide traceable physical land use results, (2) flexibly handle land productivity differences based on biophysical information, (3) explicitly introduce land conversion cost, and (4) provide welfare decomposition in light of land heterogeneity and conversion cost. An experiment of mandating a 10 percent increase in grain consumption in the US food sector showed that ignoring land heterogeneity and conversion cost would underestimate the welfare loss by 28 percent.