论美国关税法337条款在GATT1994下的合法性——基于国际判例的思考

对337条款在GATT1994下合法性的正确评判,将会影响对337条款的态度及应对策略的制定.20世纪80年代,加拿大和欧共体曾经分别在关贸总协定体系内挑战过337条款的合法性.第一个案件专家组报告肯定了该案中337条款的合法性,第二个案件专家组报告对337条款的合法性总体上予以肯定,但也指出了337条款四个具体违法之...     

我国一般反避税规则的不足与完善

我国企业所得税法确立了一般反避税规则。这一反避税规则对有效打击避税行为具有重大意义。但是,我国的一般反避税规则还有诸多不完善之处,需要我们进一步改进和完善。本文简要分析了我国一般反避税规则在相关术语使用上的不一致性、自身较强的不确定性以及一般反避税调查程序中的不足,并提出了对一般反避税规则的改进。     

论美国关税法337条款在GATT1994下的合法性——基于国际判例的思考

对337条款在GATT1994下合法性的正确评判,将会影响对337条款的态度及应对策略的制定。20世纪80年代,加拿大和欧共体曾经分别在关贸总协定体系内挑战过337条款的合法性。第一个案件专家组报告肯定了该案中337条款的合法性,第二个案件专家组报告对337条款的合法性总体上予以肯定,但也指出了337条款四个具体违法之处。1994年,美国制定了《乌拉圭回合协议法》,有针对性地对专家组报告指出的四点进行了修改。修改后,337条款已经符合GATT1994的要求。一般性地起诉337条款违反GATT1994非常困难,可以在个案中结合具体案情向WTO申诉。     

人民币升值的宏观经济影响评价

本文通过建立中国可计算一般均衡模型定量研究了人民币升值对中国经济的影响。结果表明人民币升值对中国实际GDP增长的影响不是线性变化的,对进出口影响的模拟结果与直观判断一致;人民币升值对就业不利,但下降幅度也是随着升值幅度的上升而提高。升值对城乡居民消费的影响不同,会加大城乡差距。人民币升值对不同部门的影响不同,受冲击较大的是劳动密集型的制造业。我们的基本判断是,人民币的大幅度升值对中国经济整体不利,而小幅度的升值的影响甚微。因此,既要避免大幅度的升值,又可适当地扩大汇率的浮动范围,缓解人民币升值压力。     

财政政策、货币政策调控与宏观经济稳定——基于新凯恩斯主义垄断竞争模型的分析

本文基于包含金融加速器的新凯恩斯主义垄断竞争框架,研究了财政政策和货币政策冲击对我国宏观经济的影响。实证结果表明,财政政策能够解释部分就业、消费和资本存量波动;货币政策冲击则能够解释大部分通货膨胀、就业波动,以及部分产出、消费和投资波动。总体上,模型能够较好地刻画中国宏观经济波动特征。本文认为今后一段时期内,应当将财政政策更多转向民生领域和基础设施建设,重视货币政策调控,从而更有效地调控宏观经济运行。     

The effects of customers’ perceptions of brand personality in casual theme restaurants

Although existing studies recommend that restaurant chains develop and communicate salient brand personalities, no research to date provides empirical evidence that perceptions of unique brand personality by consumers lead to positive outcomes in the restaurant business. Therefore, using a sample of 336 adults, this research models the causal relationships between brand personality perceptions, brand preference, attitudinal loyalty, and positive word-of-mouth (W-O-M) behavior for the Olive Garden and Chili's restaurant chains. It was found that for both chains, brand personality perceptions have a positive effect on brand preference and attitudinal loyalty, brand preference has a positive impact on attitudinal loyalty, and attitudinal loyalty has a positive influence on positive word-of-mouth (W-O-M) communication. In addition, for the Olive Garden and Chili's brands, it was also found that there is a direct link between brand preference and word-of-mouth behavior.     

Application of appreciative inquiry in tourism research in rural communities

Appreciative inquiry is a participatory research method based on positive psychology. Founded upon grounded theory and the social constructivist paradigm, appreciative inquiry is a simple, effective, and epistemologically sound tool to understand the rural population’s knowledge, needs, and priorities without alienating them from research. Based on the study conducted to comprehend the interrelationships among conservation, livelihood, and tourism development in three rural communities located in the vicinity of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, this study argues that appreciative inquiry can be a useful tool for conducting tourism research in rural communities. This study employs five steps, including grounding, discovery, dream, design, and destiny.     

业主委员会的性质及其投票权研究

业主大会是社区的最高权力机构,业主委员会是代表全体业主对小区进行管理的一个群体自治组织。业主委员会应成为业主大会的常设机构,具有非营利性,对小区日常事务拥有决策权,对小区的物业管理具有监督权,但小区管理中出现的重大事项应提交业主大会决定。业主大会是由物业管理区域内所有业主组成的,但对建设单位业主、未入住业主以及大产权业主的选举权应当作出一定的限制。     

中国外资财险企业市场竞争力问题研究

为衡量入世后在中国的外资财险企业的竞争力情况,本文借鉴经典产业组织理论的SCP范式和数据包络分析方法,运用2004-2011年的相关数据,以中国财险业市场结构和生产效率的变化情况为基础,总结其他学者参数设计的利弊,经实证研究发现当前中国财险业市场结构正由寡头垄断型向垄断竞争型优化；财险业尽管实现了全要素生产率连年净增长,但该指标的变化趋势是向下的,而外资公司整体上无论是追赶效应还是前沿面移动效应都优于中资公司,中资仅剩下规模上先占的相对优势.     

Asymptotic stability of a general equilibrium under perfect and monopolistic competition

This study examines the asymptotic stability of a general equilibrium for an economy under perfect and monopolistic competition in which delays in a production process arise. Crucially, we find that the sufficient conditions for the stability of the equilibrium in each model differ markedly. For the stability of the equilibrium under perfect (monopolistic) competition, it is favorable that the slope of every demand curve is gradual (steep).