Preliminary results from a five-sector flow of funds model of the United Kingdom, 1972–77

This paper provides a preliminary report on a five sector twelve asset flow of funds model estimated on monthly data for the period 1972–77. The model follows the general equilibrium approach in including a complete set of asset demands and supplies. It distinguishes between long-run and short-run demands and in some cases between short-run national and effective demands. It allows for variable adjustment speeds and, apart from the five forcing variables which are the sector's net surpluses, it does not contain any shift variables to serve as proxies for private or public behaviour. This report outlines the structure of the model and summarizes the initial parameter estimates. Some simulations are reported for comparison with related models.     

Growth dynamics in a model of endogenous time preference

We incorporate endogenous time preference in a simple Diamond-type economy with production and analyze the resulting dynamics both for the competitive and command equilibrium. We assume an individual's rate of time preference is decreasing in consumption (decreasing marginal impatience) and show that this intuitively more appealing assumption is consistent with a stable, non-trivial competitive equilibrium. Analysis of the competitive equilibrium indicates that the observed ‘non-convergence’ of cross-country per capita income could partially be explained by cross-country differences in ‘innate patience’. Examination of the local dynamics around the ‘optimal’ solution suggests that this particular preference structure exhibiting diminishing marginal impatience may generate endogenous business cycle phenomenon.     

高职《统计学原理》实践教学环节设计

根据高等职业教育的“职业性”“应用性”的培养目标．为进一步强化学生综合运用统计知识解决实际问题的能力,文中结合自己在教学中的实际经验,对高职经济管理专业《统计学原理》这门课实践教学环节设计进行探讨。     

广东省一般贸易出口、加工贸易出口与经济增长的协整分析

广东对外贸易的发展是我国外贸发展中的奇迹,其贸易增长一直处于全国领先水平.广东省出口贸易的一个显著特点是贸易方式不均衡,加工贸易发达,一般贸易相对滞后.本文试图用定性和定量的方法研究加工贸易、一般贸易对广东经济的贡献度,以此来考察广东省现有的贸易方式结构的合理性,并在理论研究的基础上提出对策,以供参考.     

马克思主义过渡理论及其当代价值——从广义政治经济学角度的重新思考

马克思在《资本论》第三卷中提出股份公司和合作工厂是向新的生产方式过渡的两种主要形式,这是从经济角度思考得出的结论。实际上,马克思主义过渡理论内容丰富,从广义政治经济学角度来看,过渡理论是其重要组成部分。过渡并非严格按照社会意识形态顺次的,可能出现跨越式过渡。在向社会主义过渡时期,私有制在一定范围内还是会必然存在的。从广义政治经济学角度重新思考过渡理论对我国当前社会主义阶段定位有重要的意义和指导价值。     

超额需求不连续时一般均衡分析的新路径

传统的证明一般均衡存在性的方法都必须以连续的超额需求函数为条件。本文提供一种新方法突破这一局限。一般均衡分析中的个人择优问题是一个非线性规划问题,本文用动态规划方法来处理这一非线性规划问题,从而就克服了不连续超额需求函数带来的困难。运用这一新方法,本文证明了超额需求函数不连续时的存在性。     

Corruption and wage inequality?

Does corruption aggravate wage-inequality? We try to answer this question in terms of a general equilibrium model where both skilled and unskilled workers participate in corruption. Corruption in our model diverts resources from the productive sectors. Factor intensities within the productive sectors and between production and corruption activities determine the wage impact of corruption. Lower degree of corruption may increase wage-inequality although the size of the corruption sector definitely contracts.     

Impacts of increased bioenergy demand on global food markets: an AgMIP economic model intercomparison

Integrated Assessment studies have shown that meeting ambitious greenhouse gas mitigation targets will require substantial amounts of bioenergy as part of the future energy mix. In the course of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), five global agro‐economic models were used to analyze a future scenario with global demand for ligno‐cellulosic bioenergy rising to about 100 ExaJoule in 2050. From this exercise a tentative conclusion can be drawn that ambitious climate change mitigation need not drive up global food prices much, if the extra land required for bioenergy production is accessible or if the feedstock, for example, from forests, does not directly compete for agricultural land. Agricultural price effects across models by the year 2050 from high bioenergy demand in an ambitious mitigation scenario appear to be much smaller (+5% average across models) than from direct climate impacts on crop yields in a high‐emission scenario (+25% average across models). However, potential future scarcities of water and nutrients, policy‐induced restrictions on agricultural land expansion, as well as potential welfare losses have not been specifically looked at in this exercise.     

Factor price equalization beyond a “cubic” world

Summary. The importance of factor price equalization (FPE) is widely recognized in economics. The FPE theorem states that, absent any factor intensity reversal, factor prices are equal across countries with identical technologies and product mixes. In a two-factor-two-good-two-country Heckscher-Ohlin model this is equivalent to countries factor endowments being contained in the diversification cone defined by goods factor intensities. This paper identifies a condition, stated in terms of the allocation of factor endowments across countries relative to the demand for and the factor intensities of goods, that is necessary and sufficient for FPE in a world with arbitrary number of countries, goods and factors.Received: 16 July 2004, Revised: 10 January 2005, JEL Classification Numbers: F1.     

中国—新西兰自由贸易区的构建对双方经济影响的计量研究

采用GTAP模型,就中新自由贸易区的建立将对双方在贸易规模、贸易结构、生产格局、GDP和福利水平等方面产生的经济影响进行了一般均衡模拟研究。研究结果表明,中国农产品、奶产品、畜牧业、动物肉及其制品等会受到较大冲击;中国各产业的产出水平不会受太大影响,而新西兰各产业的产出变化相对明显;新西兰所受经济影响要大于中国所受经济影响;中国的GDP和福利水平会受到负面影响,而新西兰的GDP和福利会得到较大改善。