专业服务业：变更所有制形式应慎行

近年来美国、欧洲的专业服务机构开始盛行有限责任合伙制、有限责任公司或股份有限公司等所有制形式,国内一些学者因此倡导进行尝试。笔者认为,根据专业服务业的性质和我国专业服务业的实际发展情况,引入新型所有制形式应当慎重。     

Shippers' transportation choice processes under deregulation

Deregulation of the motor carrier industry affords an opportunity to better understand industrial choice processes during a period of significant environmental uncertainty. Partial validation of a decision process model and the managerial implications of that model are presented.     

资产的未来属性与资产计价——基于新会计准则的思考

本文认为,资产具有未来属性,资产的价值在于其未来可能为企业带来的经济利益。对资产属性的认识,经历了面向历史成本到面向未来经济利益的转变,这也是新会计准则对资产定义修改突出强调的。会计目标也由面向收益向面向资产价值转变。资产计价在理论上的创新(面向未来)与实务上的妥协(面向历史)的矛盾,需要内在逻辑一致的会计理论来解决。     

转变外贸出口方式的税收政策选择

本文比较了不同外贸出口方式的税收政策,认为加工贸易出口的税收政策要优于一般贸易出口。在加工贸易出口方式中来料加工与进料加工贸易出口的税收政策也不尽一致。不均衡的外贸出口税收政策无益于我国外贸出口方式的转变,以及外贸出口的健康稳定和持续增长。为此,应以一般贸易出口为主、其他贸易出口为辅的外贸出口方针为指引,不同外贸方式的税收政策应统一;要进一步规范加工贸易出口的税收政策;实施鼓励使用国产料件的税收政策等。     

新开放宏观经济学的演变及其最新进展

本文首先回顾了蒙代尔-弗莱明、多恩布什等早期宏观经济学家在这一领域的贡献，并分析了这些早期理论的不足和有待发展之处。接下来详细介绍了奥布斯特菲尔德和罗格夫1995年建立的具有微观基础，且引入了垄断竞争和价格粘性的开放经济动态一般均衡模型的建模及其求解方法。最后，本文对“新开放宏观经济学”的最新进展进行了介绍。     

When inefficiency begets efficiency

Summary. Collective consumption decisions taken by the members of a household may prove inefficient. The impact on market performance depends on whether household inefficiencies are caused by inefficient net trades with the market or by inefficient distribution of resources within households. Inefficient internal distribution always results in inefficient equilibrium allocations. This leads us to consider competitive forces as disciplinary device for households. Competition of households for both resources and members can eliminate or reduce inefficient internal distribution.Received: 5 February 2003, Revised: 12 January 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D10, D51, D62.This paper is an abbreviated and revised version of Gersbach and Haller (2003). It addresses issues raised during seminar presentations at the University of Texas, Austin, and the Center for Economic Studies (CES), Munich. The hospitality and financial support of CES, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna, and the Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Clive Bell for helpful comments and two referees for thoughtful suggestions.     

Capital market equilibrium with externalities, production and heterogeneous agents

The paper studies general equilibrium in an economy with externalities, production and heterogeneous agents. The model developed builds on Brock [Brock, W.A., 1982. Asset prices in a production economy. In: McCall, J.J. (Ed.), The Economics of Information and Uncertainty. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 1–43] and Merton [Merton, R.C., 1987. A simple model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. Journal of Finance 42, 483–510]; it involves both a stock market and a market for loans, together with negative externalities produced by a subset of firms. Importantly, the technological production structure of the firms is reflected in the properties of the shares traded in the stock market. Agents are heterogeneous in their financial choices, potentially discriminating against the firms producing a negative externality. The model sheds light on the utility costs of the discriminating behavior and on the impact on the price of the stock issued by the firm which is responsible for the externality. The model is used to study the factors which may magnify or reduce the impact of discrimination. A set of discriminated firms may be seriously affected only if the discriminating investors command a large portion of overall wealth and/or they do not represent important diversification instruments. The model can be applied to understanding the effects of socially responsible investment, whereby investors discriminate against companies belonging to some sectors which are perceived as socially dangerous or unethical.     

Encouraged Projects for Foreign Investment in China(Part Ⅱ)

The Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (Amended in 2007),which has been approved by the State Council,is hereby promulgated and has come into foroe as of December 1st,2007. 17.General Machine Manufacturing Industry     

The roles of electricity and ICT in economic growth: Case Finland

A quantitative look is taken at electricity and ICT as the engines of economic growth in Finland which was one of the leading countries in the electrification of mechanical drive in industry and which today is one of the leading information societies. It is shown that ICT’s contribution to GDP growth in 1990-2004 was three times as large as electricity’s contribution in 1920-1938. The improvement of multi-factor productivity in production accounted for 60% of ICT’s contribution but only one third of electricity’s. Electricity’s growth contribution was smaller but ICT’s larger than in the United States.     

中国物价总指数变动中的相对价格调整及其宏观调控含义

在对国外相对价格变动与通货膨胀关系研究的文献基础上,本文首先对2001年1月至2008年2月间的中国相对价格变动与整体通货膨胀之间的关系进行了实证分析,结果表明,在样本期内,它们之间存在显著的正相关关系,通胀率上升会伴随着相对价格较大地调整;然后,本文研究了引起相对价格变动的机制,认为不同类别产品的需求收入弹性、需求冲击与供给冲击都可能引起相对价格的变化;最后分析了相对价格变动对宏观调控的意义。