GOVERNMENT SIZE AND GROWTH: A SURVEY AND INTERPRETATION OF THE EVIDENCE

Abstract The literature on the relationship between the size of government and economic growth is full of seemingly contradictory findings. This conflict is largely explained by variations in definitions and the countries studied. An alternative approach – of limiting the focus to studies of the relationship in rich countries, measuring government size as total taxes or total expenditure relative to GDP and relying on panel data estimations with variation over time – reveals a more consistent picture. The most recent studies find a significant negative correlation: an increase in government size by 10 percentage points is associated with a 0.5% to 1% lower annual growth rate. We discuss efforts to make sense of this correlation, and note several pitfalls involved in giving it a causal interpretation. Against this background, we discuss two explanations of why several countries with high taxes seem able to enjoy above average growth. One hypothesis is that countries with higher social trust levels are able to develop larger government sectors without harming the economy. Another explanation is that countries with large governments compensate for high taxes and spending by implementing market‐friendly policies in other areas. Both explanations are supported by ongoing research.     

Global Advertising Practices

Abstract

This empirical study of European, Japanese and U.S. multinational companies provides a cross-sectional investigation on the degree of standardization practiced in advertising strategy and message elements, objectives and types of content of standardized advertising and ways of using adapted strategy. Based on the sampled data, no statistical difference was found for any of the analyses at the 0.05 significance level. However, it can be concluded from the data that global marketers are moving toward standardization in their advertising. The contributions of this research can be significant for both academicians and practitioners. Managerial implications and future research directions were also provided.     

A meta-analysis of consumer ethnocentrism across 57 countries

The concept of consumer ethnocentrism was introduced more than 30 years ago, and since then it has received keen interest among academic researchers. However, empirical evidence in published studies has been inconclusive and many macro-drivers of consumer ethnocentrism received cursory attention. This study meta-analyses 240 studies from 57 countries and tries to understand the key drivers of consumer ethnocentrism. The results indicate that consumer ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is driven by culture and the interaction of economic and ethnic diversity variables. Challenging popular beliefs, the findings suggest that neither globalization nor economic threats are unconditional drivers of consumer ethnocentrism. Their effects are conditional on cultural values and economic situation. Results provide evidence that multi-ethnic societies tend to be more consumer ethnocentric when the culture of a country is not strong in egalitarianism. Finally, the paper presents evidence that consumer ethnocentrism affects the imports of consumer goods in a country.     

全球化视角下的企业文化资本研究

本文从文化资本的角度出发,通过对文化资本在企业管理中的博弈分析及企业获得和提高文化资本的途径分析,认为全球化企业为了从员工的文化资本中获得更多的收益,需要成功地预见并寻求到能够使企业受益的文化资本来源,然后将这些文化资本整合到企业的策略中。     

我国数字贸易发展:现状、挑战与策略研究

借助互联网新技术的发展与应用推广,全球数字贸易得以快速发展,市场规模增速已经超过传统货物贸易及服务贸易,成为世界贸易发展新动能。我国数字技术和数字经济的高速发展使传统制造业与服务业融合加深,贸易服务性更强,因此我国数字贸易正面临着前所未有的发展机遇。但数字贸易作为数字经济的重要表现形式,其经营模式以及国际间的冲突摩擦,又致使其面临诸多发展挑战,由此提出从内部制度和外部环境两方面同时进行改进与完善,进而推动我国数字贸易发展。     

Viewing Tax Policy Through Party‐Colored Glasses: What German Politicians Believe

Abstract. The process of globalization has an important impact on national tax policies. Most of the literature does not focus directly on the political decision‐making process and assumes that the desired tax policy is responding to objective underlying tradeoffs. Based on an original survey of members of the German national parliament (Bundestag) in 2006/07, we document a strong ideological bias among policy‐makers with respect to the perceived mobility of international tax bases (real capital and paper profits). Ideology also influences, directly and indirectly, the perceived national autonomy in tax setting and preferences for a European Union minimum tax for companies. There seems little consensus as to what the efficiency costs of capital taxation in open economies are, even though our survey falls in a period of extensive debate about, and actual adoption of, a company tax reform bill in Germany.     

提升广西在中国－东盟合作中的战略地位研究

提升广西在中国－东盟合作中的战略地位面临着新一轮全球化下的国际环境、CAFTA框架下的区域合作、多重政策融合下的国家战略等新机遇,同时面临着来自全球、区域和自身的诸多挑战。面对新的机遇与挑战,提升广西在中国一东盟合作中战略地位的新方向,不仅在于注重交通网络立体化、经贸合作多元化、产业对接一体化等传统的“硬实力”领域,而...     

城市空间重构:从"乌托邦"到"辩证乌托邦"——大卫·哈维《希望的空间》的中国化解读

通过对大卫·哈维《希望的空间》所包含的全球化背景下的地理空间不平衡思想的解读,认为中国城市空间存在着"辩证乌托邦"的机遇.中国城市在空间建构过程中,应该避免单一价值取向的"乌托邦",而应在多元要素组成的"生命之网"的基础上建构空间的"辩证乌托邦".进而探讨了这种"替代方案"的实现所需要政府角色和公共政策的转变,以及空间协调机制的整合,这是该书带给中国城市空间演进的最大意义.     

Peter Drucker on marketing: an exploration of five tenets

The authors review Peter Drucker’s contributions to marketing theory and practice. A bibliometric analysis of Drucker’s academic influence in marketing is presented. The five main tenets that are derived from the bibliometric study are expanded upon as follows: (1) The Marketing Concept: Creating Value for Customers; (2) Broadened Role of Marketing in Society: Corporate Social Responsibility, Consumerism, Social Marketing, and Lessons from Non-Profit Organizations; (3) Contributions to Marketing Strategy: The Obvious and Not So Obvious; (4) Marketing-Innovation Interface: New Product Development; (5) Future of Globalization: Rise of Non-National Enterprises.

试论全球化对民族问题的影响

全球化包含国际化、商品化以及资讯化三个涵义。从经济层面看,全球化带来各国经济发展水平的巨大差异,经济利益导致民族问题的产生;从政治层面来看,全球化导致了以＂族性政治＂为特征的民族矛盾,从而激化民族问题;从文化层面来看,全球化带来文化霸权主义以及信息化的弊端,从而加剧民族问题。