Will the new competitive landscape cause your firm's decline? It depends on your mindset

A view of the new competitive landscape shows globalization, rapid technological change, and hypercompetition as conduits leading to either organizational decline or organizational growth. In this article we explain how managers can use four mindsets to convert potential threats posed by these environmental challenges into pathways of prosperity, instead of pathways of decline. A global mindset, or the ability to view the world using a broad perspective, converts globalization threats into growth opportunities by thinking beyond geographic boundaries, valuing integration across borders, and appreciating regional and cultural diversity. An innovation mindset, meaning a mental framework that fosters development and implementation of new ideas, transforms rapid technological change threats into opportunities by valuing constant generation of new ideas and business models, realizing sources of new ideas, and stressing next practices rather than best practices. A virtual mindset, or the ability of managers to hand over their firms’ activities to external providers, turns hypercompetition into prospects for growth by facilitating flexibility and responsiveness. Finally, a collaboration mindset, meaning a willingness to engage in business partnerships, converts all three challenges into opportunities by allowing firms to form successful partnerships that can lead to synergy by combining business complementarities.     

Global trade and the future of national health care reform

As a result of economic globalization, health care reform is no longer strictly a matter of domestic health policy and politics. This paper argues that international trade agreements impose institutional constraints on governments’ abilities to implement health care reform, and, if left unchallenged, could frustrate social reforms. The thesis is developed through three case studies that examine the implications of various trade agreements for health care reform in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The findings are discussed in the context of theoretical debates concerning the impact of globalization on the autonomy of nation states and the relevance of national politics.     

服务全球化的发展趋势和理论分析

本文研究服务全球化的概况和趋势,并作相应理论分析。首先对服务全球化发展状况及特点进行描述,从不同方面揭示服务全球化是经济全球化的重要组成部分和当代特征。其次提出推动服务全球化的主要因素,强调这些因素都将长期存在并不断加强,推动服务全球化深化发展。还区分了服务业和服务全球化的"真实增长"和"名义增长"两种情况。第三部分探讨传统分工理论的适用性,指出比较优势理论和要素禀赋理论都适用于分析服务业全球分工,并进一步提出将商品和服务都"还原为要素组合"的观点,使理论更具一般性。接下来从人力资源重要性、劳动力"虚拟"跨境流动、知识密集的生产者服务和广泛的非经济影响四个方面,论述服务全球化的特点和特殊意义。最后的结论是,服务全球化有利于世界经济增长和解决全球性问题,中国要利用这个机遇促进自身发展,有关理论研究需要加强和深化。     

我国出口商品结构的决定因素和变化趋势

本文通过建立一个能容纳主要事实和重要因素的分析框架,预测我国若干重要商品的出口增长及出口商品结构升级趋势。首先识别出决定出口商品结构变化的八项关键因素,以及相应的可计量指标,建立起分析模型,并用历史数据进行了检验。然后筛选出若干技术和附加值含量相对较高、可能有较大出口增长潜力的商品,用上述因素进行分析,预测其未来增长趋势。主要结论是:比较优势、国内产业基础和市场结构、参与全球分工程度是决定一国贸易增长和贸易结构的三类主要因素。我们兼得这些有利因素,在继续保持劳动密集型出口商品竞争力的同时,一些相对技术密集和高附加值商品的出口将较快增长,推动出口商品结构持续升级。研究表明,出口商品结构升级有规律可循,出口促进政策在充分理解市场力量导向的基础上因势利导,能够提高实际效果。     

经济全球化进程中的中美贸易摩擦分析

随着经济全球化的加深,国家间的经济贸易摩擦进入白热化阶段.如何避免经济贸易摩擦,推动经济可持续发展成为各国面临的重要课题.分析中美贸易摩擦产生的原因、特征,研究和探索中美贸易摩擦的解决方式,不仅有助于解决中美之间的贸易摩擦,而且对解决发达国家和发展中国家的贸易摩擦,也具有重要的价值.     

论经济全球化下贸易摩擦的新发展

伴随经济全球化的深入 ,国家间的贸易摩擦也频繁发生 ,并呈现出新的发展趋势和特征。经济发展的不平衡性、特定时期的世界经济发展形势、贸易理论的发展变化、经济的结构性障碍和制度差异、国际产业结构的升级转移、WTO争端解决机制的缺陷以及政治因素等 ,是导致国家间贸易摩擦发展的主要原因。     

Rhetoric on the economy: have European parties changed their economic messages?

This study analyses the determinants of dispersion of economic issue mentions in European party manifestos. We examined three main economic domains (governmental control of the economy, free market capitalism and support for the welfare state) as consequences of globalization forces, economic conditions, partisanship and electoral turnout. Employing aggregate-level Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP) data from legislative elections in 15 European countries from 1970 to 2010, we confirm that parties hold a common view of the salience of economic control of the state as a consequence of globalization pressure and economic growth levels. Partisanship of the cabinets (regardless of the political orientation) counteracted issue salience concentration in the welfare domain. Government size favoured dispersion in the free market realm. Our results do not indicate clear homogenization of parties’ economic messages in elections over the last 40 years.     

全球化背景下新型产业分工与城市经济发展研究——兼论长三角区域城市产业发展

全球化与可持续发展是当代城市经济发展面临的两大趋势,全球城市选择高度专业化的生产者服务人微言轻其指挥、控制世界经济的产业基础.中国正在快速进行的城市化就特别注意城市化过程中的产业基础问题,因为其关系着城市化能否健康持续发展.城市产业的选择应根据国际产业分工的新规律来加以抉择,特别是在经济发达的长三角区域,城市经济的发展应根据各地的优势备件,以产业链分工为基础构建新型产业分工体系,这会提高长三角区域资源配置效率,促进该区域城市经济快速高效发展.     

Cross-Border Pollution,Terms of Trade,and Welfare

We construct a two-good general equilibrium model of international trade for two small open economies where pollution from production is transmitted across borders. Governments in both countries impose emission taxes non-cooperatively. Within this framework, we examine the effect of changes in the degree of cross-border pollution on Nash emission taxes, emission levels and welfare. We do so under two scenarios: when changes in cross-border pollution do not affect domestic pollution (non-strategic) and when they do (strategic). We also examine the effect of changes in international terms of trade on pollution and welfare when cross-border pollution is non-strategic.