Cross-Border Pollution,Terms of Trade,and Welfare

We construct a two-good general equilibrium model of international trade for two small open economies where pollution from production is transmitted across borders. Governments in both countries impose emission taxes non-cooperatively. Within this framework, we examine the effect of changes in the degree of cross-border pollution on Nash emission taxes, emission levels and welfare. We do so under two scenarios: when changes in cross-border pollution do not affect domestic pollution (non-strategic) and when they do (strategic). We also examine the effect of changes in international terms of trade on pollution and welfare when cross-border pollution is non-strategic.      

全球化背景下新型产业分工与城市经济发展研究——兼论长三角区域城市产业发展

全球化与可持续发展是当代城市经济发展面临的两大趋势,全球城市选择高度专业化的生产者服务人微言轻其指挥、控制世界经济的产业基础.中国正在快速进行的城市化就特别注意城市化过程中的产业基础问题,因为其关系着城市化能否健康持续发展.城市产业的选择应根据国际产业分工的新规律来加以抉择,特别是在经济发达的长三角区域,城市经济的发展应根据各地的优势备件,以产业链分工为基础构建新型产业分工体系,这会提高长三角区域资源配置效率,促进该区域城市经济快速高效发展.     

金融安全、全球化与经济增长：来自发展中国家的经验

本文考察发展中国家金融安全和全球化对其经济增长的影响机制,利用71个发展中国家1998至2005年的面板数据,对增长模型进行估计和分析。结果表明,发展中国家的经济增长存在条件趋同,且同时存在新古典增长理论和新增长理论的趋同机制。拥有较高金融安全水平的发展中国家,全球化有利于其经济发展;金融安全水平较低、国内金融环境不稳定的国家,却不能因为全球化程度的深化而受益。     

On the Measurement of Product Quality in Intra-Industry Trade

The world has witnessed a dramatic increase in trade over the last forty years. Much of this growth in trade is intra-industry in nature. A relatively recent development in the intra-industry trade (IIT) literature is the measurement of the simultaneous import and export of quality-differentiated products, commonly known as vertical and horizontal IIT. In this paper we compare the Greenaway, Hine and Milner (1994) and Fontagné and Freudenberg (1997) approaches to disentangling vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade and examine some of the implications of employing simple ratios to define the boundary between product quality types. We present a complementary approach based on the traditional Grubel and Lloyd (GL) index and demonstrate with numerical examples its versatility and applicability at the product level. JEL no. F19     

Globalization and firm level adjustment with imperfect labor markets

In a model with search generated unemployment and heterogeneity on both sides of the labor market, exporting firms are bigger and pay higher wages than other firms. Moreover, there is imperfect persistence in the decision to export and liberalization increases the wage gap between high- and low-skill workers. Openness can increase aggregate productivity in export-oriented markets while generating within-firm productivity losses for the weakest firms. In contrast, openness can lead to within-firm productivity gains for the weakest firms in import-competing industries.     

Do liberalization and globalization increase income inequality?

Using the Standardized World Income Inequality Database, we examine if the KOF Index of Globalization and the Economic Freedom Index of the Fraser institute are related to within-country income inequality using panel data covering around 80 countries 1970–2005. Freedom to trade internationally is robustly related to inequality, also when adding several control variables and controlling for potential endogeneity using GMM. Social globalization and deregulation is also linked to inequality. Reforms towards economic freedom seem to increase inequality mainly in rich countries, and social globalization is more important in less developed countries. Monetary reforms, legal reforms and political globalization do not increase inequality.     

人民币国际化与对外投资的内源机制研究

人民币国际化是市场选择的结果,它一般要经历贸易结算功能的国际化、金融交易职能的国际化和价值储备职能的国际化三个阶段。影响人民币国际化进程的主要经济因素归结为四个方面：中国出口贸易规模占全球比重、对外投资额所占全球的比重、金融市场的发达与开放度才及人民币币值的稳定性。人民币的国际化有利于中国对外投资的深入推进,同时中国对外投资的发展能够促进人民币国际化的进程,二者相互影响,相互促进。从对外投资的视角看,为了加快人民币国际化的进程,我国应该在对外投资区域、投资产业及投资方式作出重大的战略调整。     

离岸服务外包:成因、发展前景及承接策略

在新一轮国际产业转移中,全球服务业正在迅速由发达国家向发展中国家转移。把握服务业国际转移的机遇,积极承接离岸服务外包已成为迫切需要解决的问题。充分发挥政府的基础性作用、加快外包人才的开发、构建企业联盟和加强品牌建设是中国承接离岸服务外包的重要策略。     

Global impact of a shift in foreign reserves to euros

This paper uses QUEST III, a multi-region DSGE model, to study the macroeconomic effects of a gradual equalization of official foreign reserves between dollars and euros. We simulate a scenario of a shift in the composition of foreign reserves holdings from the present ratio of 65% dollars and 25% euros to equal 45% shares over a 10 years period. We assume imperfect substitutability between financial assets to allow this shift to have real effects. Our simulations point towards small real effects due to the reduction in real interest rates resulting from this shift in official holdings.

Booming or emerging? China's technological capability and international collaboration in patent activities

China's economy and technology have experienced astounding growth in the last two decades. The OECD 2005 reports show that China has overtaken the USA to become the world's largest exporter of information and communications technology goods. In order to assess the progress China has made in technology development, this study examines the inventive activities in China and the pattern of international collaborations between China and other major industrialized countries or regions. This study analyzes the patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) focusing on joint patent application between China and the eight most inventive OECD countries and two Asian economic entities (South Korea and Taiwan). The results reveal increasing collaborations in inventive activities between China and other major inventive countries over the past decade, and suggest that China's technology capability may have begun to boom along with its fast economic growth.