论全球化语境中的大学精神

全球化的发展在影响和改变着世界的同时,也给我国的大学精神带来了前所未有的影响和冲击,作为我国社会中流砥柱的大学应该充分发挥大学人的全部聪明才智,建立起批判精神、兼容精神、创新精神和合作精神,塑造起我国大学人的“脊梁”,使全球化进程中的大学人拥有足够的“精神高度”,求知、求存、求真、求新,尽情享用全球化这份并不免费的“午餐”。     

Forecasting material and economic flows in the global production chain for silicon

Material and economic flows in a global production chain are analyzed in order to identify shifts in economic structure relevant to environmental issues. Results suggest that the economic and environmental weight of high-tech manufacturing and specialized material sectors will increase significantly relative to extractive and primary commodity sectors, perhaps reaching a similar environmental scale within a few decades. Though further study is needed, the forecasts suggest that a reprioritization of analysis and policy to address these new industries is in order. These results are based on a case study of the global production chain for high-purity silicon and its use in semiconductors, solar cells and optical fiber from primary materials. Forecasts for future material/economic flows are carried out based on the identification of time scales that reveal stable long-term trends. Assuming constant growth over 7–10 year averages reproduces thirty years of historical growth of three global sectors to around 1–2% accuracy. This suggests the constant growth model can be used to forecast with a relatively high degree of confidence.     

浅论全球化时代的环境外交--以《京都议定书》为例

当环境问题国际化,环境外交便应运而生.经过几十年的发展,全球化时代的环境外交呈现出新的特点和样式.因为环境外交产生的多种效应,使得国际社会各国及其他新兴主体都积极参与其中,这也给我国的环境外交很多启示.     

论经济全球化对世界民主化进程的推动作用

20世纪90年代以来,经济全球化进程不断加快,世界各国各地区之间的经济联系更加密切,世界各国日益强调平等互利原则,相互竞争的同时注重协调与合作,多元化、宽容、妥协与合作,成为各国经济国际化进程中的基本共识。经济全球化发展,还使更多国家选择了市场经济体制。各国市场经济体制的建立与发展,使得推动民主化进程的民主力量不断发展壮大。作为世界民主化进程的基本内容,民主的制度化与权力运作的法制化,相应地也得到各国普遍认同,在实践当中进一步丰富和发展。     

European integration: the third step

A perception of declining EU competitiveness has intensified calls for structural reforms within the EU. This paper examines recent evidence on changes in relative EU competitiveness and considers the observed changes in relation to the evolving competitive environment facing EU firms. Our analysis suggests that recent declines in EU competitiveness reflect changes (or lack thereof) within the EU in response to an evolutionary “Third Step” in the process of EU integration: global market integration. Starting from the mid-1990s, we find that the EU began to face unprecedented increases in external sources of competition. The rising competition from external sources and declining export market competitiveness created pressures for EU firms to alter their organizational and product market strategies to meet the challenge of a globally integrating market. While many leading EU firms have responded to this challenge, most EU firms remain hampered by anachronistic EU product and labor market regulations that have inhibited adjustments that could better restore the competitiveness of EU based firms. In particular, our analysis points to labor market rigidities and limited growth in the services sector as factors limiting adjustment to the realities of a global market. The growing calls for structural reforms therefore reflect the rising external competitive pressures on EU firms as they attempt to respond to growing global competition.

全球化视角下的中欧贸易争端及其博弈分析——以纺织品为例

欧盟已经并将继续成为对华贸易摩擦的首要发起国,中欧双方在贸易争端中考虑的第一影响变量就是经济全球化。全球化使贸易争端具有了不可避免性和可协调性,并为其提供了动态变化机制,进而使其成为一场欧盟占主动的完全信息动态博弈。近期的纺织品贸易磨擦就是一个明证,我国在博弈中只能也必须积极应对,并力争促成由被动向主动地位的转变,即我国在短期内要尽快建立成熟的争端应对机制,长期则要逐步促成比较优势的全球实现和动态升级。     

Offshore production and skill upgrading by Japanese manufacturing firms

We investigate the influence of offshore production by Japanese multinationals on domestic skill intensity. Identifying relationships based on within variation in a panel of 1070 firms, we find that additional foreign affiliate employment in low-income countries raises skill intensity. The positive effect of FDI on domestic skill intensity, however, diminishes as investment shifts towards high-income countries. Increases in affiliate employment in low-income countries also raise a firm’s reliance on finished goods purchases, suggesting that overseas employment affects domestic skill intensity because imports of final goods from foreign affiliates displace domestic production.     

原产地规则与中美贸易差额

随着中国对美贸易顺差的持续增长,外贸平衡已逐步演变成影响两国双边经贸关系乃至政治关系的突出问题。造成这种局面的原因是多方面的,本文主要从经济全球化条件出发,探讨在当前形势下原产地规则作为统计两国双边贸易的一个基本指标存在的问题与缺陷,以及由此对中美贸易差额统计造成的影响。     

全球化背景下中国行业间工资增长差异的演变及其原因

借助非竞争型投入产出模型,从国民经济投入产出系统的角度分析1987~2007年全球化背景下中国行业工资增长的差异及其原因。研究表明,1987~2007年我国资本密集型产业、劳动密集型产业、服务业的行业人均工资增长表现出极大的差异性。究其原因,在不同阶段国内消费、投资、出口、技术进步等因素对行业工资的不同拉动效应,是导致近年来中国行业间工资增长差异迅速扩大的重要原因。行业层面的结果分解表明,1997年以后驱动我国各行业人均工资增长的动力来源发生了根本变化,出口对我国第二产业、劳动密集型产业行业工资增长的贡献显著上升,而国内消费和国内投资对第一、三产业、资本密集型产业以及垄断性行业工资增长的贡献显著上升。     

汇率、经济增长与流动性过剩——基于经济全球化的考察

改革开放以来我国经济社会发展发生了深刻变化。过去三十年世界经济格局也发生了深刻变化。经济全球化深化了世界各国的经济联系,也创造了一种不稳定的双赢模式。发展中国家和发达国家均在全球产业转移中获得了要素生产力递增的收益。要素生产率递增可能使采取固定汇率的货币经历从高估到低估的转变,全球产业转移支持了发展中国家广泛而持续地保持这一优势,并以经常性项目和资本项目间跨国补偿机制实现了全球经济不稳定的平衡,也创造了全球流动性过剩。