Exploring expanding expertise: artificial intelligence as an existential threat and the role of prestigious commentators, 2014–2018

The post-2010 technological resurgence in artificial intelligence (AI) was followed by a series of public warnings by prestigious intellectuals, scientists, and entrepreneurs presenting AI as an existential threat. While their expertise in other fields is undeniable, their knowledge of AI remains questionable. With expert studies as a theoretical point of departure, the empirical data collected narrate the events which systematically shaped this view between 2014 and 2018. This chronology captures the interplay between such statements by ‘expanding experts’ in the press and traces their impact on governmental policy documents in the EU, UK, and US, while highlighting the overall absence of experts in these debates. The conclusions recommend the inclusion of AI experts in relevant policymaking schemes and the further exploration of the networks between such prestigious individuals, the purposes and origins of emerging future/risk studies institutions, and their impact on AI R&D in the long run via empirical means.     

On economic applications of the genetic algorithm: a model of the cobweb type

This paper explores the idea of using artificial adaptive agents in economic theory. In particular, we use Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to model the learning behavior of a population of adaptive and boundedly rational agents interacting in an economic system. We analyze the behavior of a GA in two versions of a model of the cobweb-type, one in which firms make only quantity choices, and the other one in which firms first decide to exit or to stay in the market, and subsequently decide how much to produce. We present simulations with different coding schemes and interpret the rather surprising differences between the results for different setups by employing the mathematical theory for GAs with state-dependent fitness functions. In particular, we explain the relationship between coding and convergence properties of GAs.     

研究制定企业发展战略:用高科技调整产品结构

本文主要阐述了制定企业发展战略的重要性, 以及制定企业发展战略的原则。这是一项复杂的系统工程。实施的关键就是要用高科技调整产品结构     

Does nutrition information on food products lead to healthier food choices?

This paper examines the link between nutrition label use and consumers’ healthier food choices. Label use is considered for the two main types of labels currently found on food products; nutrition facts panels and nutrition/health claims. This link is tested using a three-equation multivariate probit model. Data were obtained from an ad hoc survey conducted in two medium-sized Spanish cities. The results indicate that the use of nutrition information by consumers, whether this involves the fact panel or the claim labels, does influence consumer choice of healthier food products to the same extent, although different types of consumers use the various types of labels considered.     

The influence of anthropomorphic appearance of artificial intelligence products on consumer behavior and brand evaluation under different product types

While artificial intelligence products are widely used in the market, their anthropomorphic appearance design is becoming a frontier issue in product strategy and consumer behavior research. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of anthropomorphic appearance on consumer behavior and brand evaluation under different AI product types. It was conducted in China, a new but rapidly-growing country in the field of Internet, AI technology and AI product consumption. This study conducted four situational experiments with a 2 (anthropomorphic design: anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic) × 2 (product type: hedonic vs. utilitarian) between subjects’ experimental design. Data was collected from 1172 Chinese “Digital Natives” by using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that for hedonic AI products, anthropomorphic appearance improves consumers' purchase intention and brand evaluation through perceived entertainment, and intelligence level significantly moderates the mediating effect of perceived entertainment; while for practical AI products, anthropomorphic appearance improves consumers' purchase intention and brand evaluation through perceived usefulness, and intelligence level does not significantly moderate the mediating effect of perceived usefulness. There is no significant moderating effect of intelligence level on perceived usefulness. The study contributes to development and validation of a more comprehensive understanding and theoretical foundation of anthropomorphism, and furthermore explores the impact of anthropomorphic appearance on consumer behavior and brand evaluation under different AI product types. This study also provides insights for companies to apply anthropomorphic strategies.     

制造业企业房地产投资与企业杠杆率

摘 要：21世纪以来,中国制造业企业进行房地产投资是其“多元化”投资战略的主 要形式之一。本文利用2010-2020年中国 A 股上市制造业企业数据,研究了制造业企业 房地产投资对企业杠杆率的影响,发现制造业企业房地产投资能够提升企业杠杆率。机 制分析表明,制造业企业房地产投资通过发挥挤压效应和抵押效应进而提高企业杠杆率。 制造业企业房地产投资对企业杠杆率的提升作用在非国有企业和小企业中更显著。在区 分长期杠杆率和短期杠杆率后,制造业企业房地产投资对企业杠杆率的提升作用表现在 长期杠杆率方面,同时该提升作用显著提高了企业的财务风险。本文提出企业应当加大 研发创新,促进自身高质量发展;政府监管部门完善系列政策避免制造业企业盲目进行房地产投资而导致“企业空心化”。     

外智引联型创新团队研究述评与发展动态分析

为弥补当前学界对跨区域多主体创新团队研究的不足并有效解决西部经济持续发展中高端人才匮乏的现实问题,提出了外智引联型创新团队的新型合作模式。为深入系统地剖析外智引联型创新团队研究现状,首先从创新团队的定义、问题、影响因素及运行机制4个方面对相关理论研究成果进行了梳理,然后从创新团队指标体系和模型构建两个维度对创新团队模型研究成果进行了归纳和动态分析,最后从团队人才引进与管理、协作交互影响、合作效果评价、知识转移4个方面对创新团队管理的研究成果进行了探讨。在此基础上,结合外智引联团队的地域性、灵活性等独特属性进行了深入研究。     

浅谈RS与GIS在土地规划和利用中的应用

随着农业结构的调整、城市化进程的加快和第三产业的快速发展,传统农业用地的结构有了很大的变化。土地类型的转化和土地的各种数据的更新速度之快,技术要求之高,对土地利用现状动态监测的科技含量提出了更新更高的要求,遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术在土地规划和利用中也有了越来越广泛的用途。     

商务智能与传统搜索引擎的比较分析研究

本文选择三种搜索引擎作为研究对象,收集用户使用三种搜索引擎检索的耗时、有效信息数量、用户满意度等相关数据,通过定量的方法对各组数据进行方差检验,对比商务智能搜索引擎和传统搜索引擎知识发现的效果、效率以及用户满意度,研究商务智能搜索引擎的优势,并发现其存在的不足,为今后的搜索引擎开发提供参考。     

动态能力视阈下我国汽车制造企业智能化转型升级路径研究

基于3家实施智能化转型升级的国内汽车制造企业,进行了跨案例研究,构建了我国汽车制造企业智能化转型升级的理论模型。该理论模型表明,我国汽车制造企业智能化转型升级可以分为自动化、信息化以及智能化3个阶段。企业基于动态能力不断调整其在不同阶段所拥有的核心能力,在自动化阶段,主要是通过实施以提高制造能力为核心的战略实现转型升级;在信息化阶段,主要是通过实施以标准化、信息化集成为核心的战略实现转型升级;在智能化阶段,主要是通过实施以企业柔性化建设为核心的战略实现转型升级。