Valuing natural heritage: park visitors' values related to World Heritage sites in the USA

The World Heritage Convention rests on the assumption that World Heritage sites hold value for people globally and that these values promote protection of sites. This study focuses on natural sites, selected for environmental significance. All World Heritage sites are also supposed to be of ‘outstanding universal value’, with a variety of values attributed to them in World Heritage and other documents, including aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values. This study investigates via a survey whether such values are recognized by visitors to natural sites in the USA, and how useful they are for generating support for sites. Most visitors appreciated sites primarily for their environmental importance; a minority recognized other values listed in World Heritage documents, even though most visitors had little understanding of the Convention itself. In general, recognition of World Heritage status did not translate into greater protection or support for sites beyond what they already receive as national parks, even though most visitors and park personnel were supportive of World Heritage goals. For a minority of visitors, the global framework in which the World Heritage Convention operates had negative connotations, owing to questions of how ultimate responsibility for sites should be divided between national and international scales.     

PPMs标准与WTO规则的关系解析

本文分析论证了环境保护的PPMs标准与WTO规则的冲突和协调。为实现国际环境保护与国际贸易的自由化的协调发展，文章提出在现有的WTO规则中完全接纳环境保护的PPMs标准的方法，并从理论和实务两方面论证了这种方法的可行性。     

“三北”地区生态林业建设与经济持续发展

“三北”防护林体系经过１５年来的建设，完成人工造林１３００多万ｈａ，使“三北”地区生态环境得到明显改善，许多农户走上了脱贫致富的道路。     

从股权分置改革谈中小投资者的自我保护与市场保护

股权分置改革进程表明,中小投资者对股改方案表决参与积极性不高,这在一定程度上折射了中小投资者自我保护意识不强,市场本身又没有形成保护中小投资者的有效机制,监管部门对保护投资者权益的制度安排也远远不够。因此,监管部门必须加强保护中小投资者的制度安排,引导形成有效的中小投资者市场保护机制,中小投资者也要理性地进行自我保护。     

论知识产权海关保护制度下的权利滥用问题及对策

我国海关知识产权保护的力度在不断加强,同时也应该看到,实践中广泛存在着权利人对海关知识产权保护权利的滥用行为,严重扰乱了公平竞争的国内外市场秩序的建立。在本文中,将针对海关知识产权保护现状和其中存在的权利滥用行为,谈谈对完善海关知识产权保护制度的几点思考。     

Protectionary bias in agriculture: A pure economic argument

Empirical evidence suggests that the agricultural sector in the developed countries has enjoyed a greater degree of protection than the import-competing manufacturing sectors. Usually this is attributed to strong farm lobbies and hence on political factors. We provide a theoretical model and a possible explanation of this phenomenon based on purely economic arguments. Two importables are accommodated in a three-good three-factor model of trade and production, one is a labor-intensive manufacturing good and the other is an agricultural commodity. This captures the trade pattern of a typical industrialized country with an agricultural sector such as Europe and the USA. We show that uniform tariffs in agriculture and labor-intensive manufacturing will definitely hurt the land owners in real terms and may reduce their absolute return. Hence, if there has to be protection, it has to be biased in favor of agriculture.     

Technology Transfer with Capital Constraints and Environmental Protections: Models and Applications to the Philippines

An efficient technology transfer from advanced to developing countries is explored by extending dynamic input-output optimization models. We include capital investments for the transferred technologies that affect the structural change and the welfare streams of consumption and the environmental state in the developing country. This technology transfer model is then linearized to solve larger problems. The linearized model was estimated and applied to assess the optimal technology transfer schedule from Japan to the Philippines.     

高效、节能、 环保型尾气冷冻回收装置的应用

针对改进尾气冷冻回收装置的设计,应用于浸出工艺中以取得较好回收效果的同时降低运行成本、减少维修费用。     

关于消防行政执法改革的几个问题探讨

本文探讨了目前消防行政执法实践中存在的问题，指出我们应当从转变消防行政执法观念、重塑消防行政执法职能、提升消防行政执法人员素质、建立健全消防行政执法责任制等方面进行改革。     

美国和欧盟的电子商务法律竞争

为促进电子商务的发展,美国和欧盟展开了电子商务法律竞争,美国采取以行业自律为主导的模式,欧盟采取以立法规制为主导的模式。从电子签名、数据和隐私权保护、网络服务提供商的法律责任、消费者保护四个方面来看,两种模式各具特色,但电子商务的全球性要求协调解决双方的分歧。