Does direct foreign investment affect domestic credit constraints?

Firms in developing countries cite credit constraints as one of their primary obstacles to investment. Direct foreign investment may ease credit constraints by bringing in scarce capital. Alternatively, if foreign firms borrow heavily from domestic banks, they may crowd local firms out of domestic capital markets. Using firm data from the Ivory Coast, we test whether: (1) domestic firms are more credit constrained than foreign firms, and (2) whether borrowing by foreign firms exacerbates domestic firm credit constraints. Results provide support for both hypotheses. We also find that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are less financially constrained than other domestic enterprises.     

制度创新与社会信用

信用是现代市场经济的基石,也是优化资源配置的有效手段。本文认为,造成我国信用缺失的原因是多方面的,有认识上的原因,也有法律制度不健全、对失信行为处罚力度不够等原因,但最主要的原因是产权制度不完善。因此,进行制度创新,完善产权制度,是建设现代市场经济社会信用的必要条件,也是规范市场经济秩序的治本之策。     

国有企业的扩张行为:动机及效应

文章通过建立国企的效用最大化的目标函数,揭示其包含了来自市场激励和政府激励的多元化目标,其中规模最大化是效用最大化的最近似的可量化目标,其能够包括并同时满足国企追求的其它效用目标。本文表明了国企持续超常的规模扩张是建立在长期高额负债率和利润率显著低下的基础上,证实了国企不仅缺乏融资约束,也缺乏市场竞争约束。由于这两个基本约束的软化,导致企业过度膨胀,超过了正常合理水平。由于规模庞大且层级结构复杂,还会加剧了企业的难以监控的"黑箱"行为。这种机制可能诱发腐败,还导致一系列不良效应,包括产能过剩,僵尸企业,垄断势力强化,企业成本剧增等等。对于市场约束的缺位,合理的解决路径是加强市场约束,而不是加强行政约束。改革的选择方向是,实行分类改革,对于面向市场的企业,需要在利益相关者之间通过合理契约来实现市场激励和约束。     

基于银保协作路径的商业银行信用风险预警机制研究

从贷款企业的财务运营能力预警评价、经营管理能力预警评价、技术创新能力预警评价三个层面系统设计商业银行信用风险预警机制的指标体系,在确定各因素预警临界值基础上,进行信用风险预警机制的警示设置,并构造警度评价函数,以实现商业银行信用风险预警机制的警度判断及处置功能,从而实现商业银行信用风险预警机制的预警功能,为构建科学高效的商业银行风险管理机制提供重要的理论指导与决策参考。     

中国的信用评级真的影响发债成本吗?

信用评级制度旨在通过提供真实可靠的公共信息而改善市场效率,但在发行人付费模式和评级选购机制下,信用评级机构的公信力有待检验。由此,本文基于中国债券数据研究了信用评级对企业发债成本的影响。与既有文献一样,OLS分析表明良好的信用评级显著降低了债务融资成本,但考虑到内生性问题,此结果的可信性值得怀疑。基于理论分析和计量判据,我们以各地区评级机构的竞争程度作为债券评级的工具变量重新进行了回归,发现信用评级对发债成本的经济效应明显降低,且该效应在统计上也不再显著。这表明,中国的信用评级机构并没有获得市场认可的公信力,而评级膨胀也不会真正降低企业的发债成本。     

一种全新的两阶段个人信用评分方法探究

目前我国还没有一套规范的个人信用评分指标体系和方法。本文利用真实的个人消费信贷数据,首先建立了个人信用评分的多元线性判别分析模型和BP神经网络模型,然后将线性判别分析模型的结果与其它变量一起作为输入变量建立了混合两阶段个人信用评分模型。实证研究表明,混合两阶段个人信用评分模型相对于前两种单一模型能同时满足预测精度和稳健性的双重要求,从而,突破了通常应用单一模型于个人信用评分领域的局限。     

国家信用风险的传导与影响研究——以欧元区债务危机为例

本文以欧元区债务危机为例研究国家信用风险的传导效应,首先,基于“欧猪五国”相对德国的十年期国债利差数据,分析债务危机在欧元区境内风险传导效应;其次,运用GVAR模型分析世界主要经济体对欧元区冲击的反应,重点分析欧元区GDP冲击对欧元区自身以及贸易关系密切的英国、美国和中国的影响。结果表明:希腊和爱尔兰对各国家信用风险产生的累积影响最为显著,西班牙和意大利较弱;欧元区经济萎缩造成的需求冲击对英国、美国和中国均有显著影响。     

Financing Constraints and the Timing of Innovations in the German Services Sector

Using newly available data at the firm level, this study provides convincing evidence of the importance of financial constraints in explainingthe timing of innovations in the German services sector. Based on a dynamic model of firms' optimalR & D behavior under financial constraints, we estimate various versions of aneconometric specification of the model with dichotomous innovation data by using a univariateordered probit model. Additionally, a new estimation technique is applied to account forthe scaling of the regressor variables. Our results are consistent with the theoretical view that,because of capital market imperfections, internal finance should be an important determinant ofinnovative activities by private firms not only in the manufacturing sector but as well as inthe services sector.     

The effects of news events on market contagion: Evidence from the 2007–2009 financial crisis

In this paper, we use the quantile regression technique along with coexceedance, a contagion measure, to assess the extent to which news events contribute to contagion in the stock markets during the crisis period between 2007 and 2009. Studies have shown that, not only the subprime crisis leads to a global recession, but the effects on the global stock markets have also been significant. We track the news events, both in the UK and the US, using the global recession timeline. We observe that the news events related to ad hoc bailouts of individual banks from the UK have a contagion effect throughout the period for most of the countries under investigation. This, however, is not found to be the case for the news events originating from the US. Our findings regarding the evidence of contagion effects in the UK reinforce the argument that spreads and contagion—an outcome of the risk perception of financial markets—are solely a result of the behaviour of investors or other financial market participants.     

契约条款影响债券价格吗？——基于中国公司债市场的经验研究

本文着眼于债券契约条款具有保护债权人权利的本质属性,将公司债券的总价差分解为信用价差和非信用价差,通过手工整理数据,应用组合排序法及Fama-Macbeth方法,研究了债券契约条款对债券定价影响的途径和程度。结论表明:债券契约条款由于能够保护债权人的未来权益,减少债权人承担的风险,从而能够有效降低债券的信用价差和非信用价差,并且债券契约条款对信用价差的影响程度更大;通过信用价差和非信用价差两种影响效应的叠加,债券契约条款同样能够显著降低债券到期收益率的总价差。