加快城市化进程新思路——中国城市化制约因素及其对策研讨

城市化水平体现一个国家经济和社会发展程度,中国正面临城市建设的新机遇与新挑战,出现新景观与新热点.超大城市群及区域中心城市涌现是经济全球化的必然趋势.城市化是经济增长火车头,世界发展的主旋律,结构转型的前提条件,建设和谐社会的主要路径.已纳入"十一五"计划和现代化新三步走战略.中国城市化滞后特点是,起步晚,规模小,基础设施质量差,功能与竞争力弱,发展不平衡;发展速度快,未来潜力大;大城市人口增长快,城市首位度高;"后来居上"与"后发劣势"并存,整体处于城市初级化水平,现阶段仍低于世界平均水平10个百分点.对策是把握人口增长与区域差异双重压力,制定科学合理的人口城市化指标,发挥市场机制调节作用,承认农民是市场主体,保护进城农民利益.消除制度性障碍,积极培育新兴城市及城乡贯通机制,创造规模效益.     

中国银行业不良资产证券化信用风险评价研究

本文首先论述了国际通用的各信用风险模型的适用条件,提出改进的KMV模型作为度量我国不良资产证券化信用风险的模型。同时,提出了计算其违约概率的方法。然后根据我国不良资产的实际情况,建立了一个具有普遍性的模拟的不良资产包,分析其证券化中各个不同发债规模下的信用风险,得出其资产变现收入在对数正态分布下和真实分布中的违约概率,为我国不良资产证券化的风险控制在一定程度上提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

企业信用管理制度可靠性及有效性探讨

笔者认为企业信用管理经典计算存在严重缺陷,不适合企业应用;本文通过典型案例分析,讨论企业授信制度建设、存在风险以及补救措施;对确定客户信用额度的各种方法进行分析比较并讨论其适用性及有效性。通过分析企业必须面对而又难以把握的企业信用管理核心问题,结合实际、层层深入进行探讨,为企业信用管理决策提供指导意见。     

Efficient learning via simulation: A marginalized resample-move approach

In state–space models, parameter learning is practically difficult and is still an open issue. This paper proposes an efficient simulation-based parameter learning method. First, the approach breaks up the interdependence of the hidden states and the static parameters by marginalizing out the states using a particle filter. Second, it applies a Bayesian resample-move approach to this marginalized system. The methodology is generic and needs little design effort. Different from batch estimation methods, it provides posterior quantities necessary for full sequential inference and recursive model monitoring. The algorithm is implemented both on simulated data in a linear Gaussian model for illustration and comparison and on real data in a Lévy jump stochastic volatility model and a structural credit risk model.     

How do “gatekeepers” affect credit risk?

This study investigates the relationship between auditor tenure and credit default swap (CDS) spreads of U.S. firms based on quantile regression. After allowing for common determinants of CDS spreads, auditor tenure exerts both statistically and economically significant additional impacts on the CDS market. Furthermore, there are differential effects of common CDS spread determinants and auditor tenure. While common determinants of CDS spreads (e.g., leverage, volatility, risk free rate, credit ratings, and earnings) have monotonically increasing impacts when CDS spreads (and their changes) are increasingly higher, auditor tenure primarily has the impact when CDS spreads are of low or median levels for less risky firms.     

农村小额保险与小额信贷结合发展及其模式探讨

小额保险是一种新型保险项目,它以低廉的保费为中低收入人群提供能够保障基本生活的保险产品,具有商业性和社会公益性的双重特征,被认为是一项重要的扶贫措施。农村小额信贷在支持三农发展、帮助农村低收入群体脱贫方面起到不可替代的作用。本文分析了小额信贷机构在经营中面临的信贷风险,在对比国际经验的基础上指出农村小额信贷与小额保险相结合的发展模式,是我国发展农村金融可资借鉴的一种良好模式。文中分析指出了农村小额信贷与农村小额保险相结合的必要性与紧迫性,并提出发展农村小额信贷与农村小额保险的政策建议。     

中国合会起源之考辨

合会是一种古老的民间信用互助形式,在我国有着悠久的历史,然而合会究竟起源于何时至今尚无定论。关于合会的起源,民间有庞公创始说、竹林七贤遗传说、青苗法演变说,学者认为起源于唐宋或隋朝等。从目前有据可考的史料记载看,我国合会雏形于汉代,成型于唐代,初步发展于宋代。     

Credit risk and sustainable debt: a model and estimations of why the Euro is stable in the long-run

Sustainable debt has become the key issue in rating of private as well as sovereign debtors. The problem of how to estimate sustainable debt has also been at the center of the debate over the Asian 1997–1998 financial crisis. If the external value of the currency depends on the external debt of a country, it is necessary to estimate the creditworthiness of the country. This paper studies credit risk and sustainable debt in the context of a dynamic model. For a dynamic growth model with an additional equation for the evolution of debt, we demonstrate of how to compute sustainable debt and creditworthiness. The model is estimated by employing time series data for the core countries of the Euro-area. The computations show that the Euro-area has large external assets. Using time series methods, the sustainability of external debt (assets) is estimated for those core countries of the Euro-area. Those estimations show that the Euro will be a stable currency in the long-run.     

海外应收账款拖欠问题研究

海外应收账款拖欠问题正日益成为我国对外贸易健康发展的障碍。本文分析了新形势下海外应收账款拖欠的原因,主要是中国企业缺乏全面的信用管理体系,没有正确认识欠账的风险和成本以及现行的外贸体制等原因。最后本文从内外两个部分提出了解决措施,主要是企业要建立全面准确的信用管理系统以及改革完善出口信用保险制度等。     

基于风险价值和期权理论的Credit Metrics模型研究

Credit Metrics模型是国际金融界内流行的现代信用风险度量模型,它以风险价值VaR和期权定价思想为基础,以衡量信贷资产组合的风险价值为核心,用于识别贷款、债券等传统信贷产品的信用风险,开启了银行信用风险量化评估的先河,开创了现代信用风险度量研究的新领域,对中国商业银行的信用风险管理有一定的借鉴作用。