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991.
The aims of this article are to propose an overall index of social exclusion and to analyze its relationship with economic growth in European countries. We approach social exclusion as a multidimensional phenomenon by a three‐mode principal components analysis (Tucker3 model). This method is applied to estimate an indicator of social exclusion for 28 European countries between 1995 and 2010. The empirical evidence shows that in the short run: (1) Granger causality runs one way from social exclusion to economic growth and not the other way; (2) countries with a higher level of social exclusion have higher growth rates of real GDP per capita; and (3) social exclusion has a larger effect than income inequality on economic growth. The policy implication of our analysis is that social inclusion is not a source of economic growth in the short term. 相似文献
992.
We use a standard of living (SoL) approach to estimate older people's disability costs, using data on 8000 individuals from the U.K. Family Resources Survey. We extend previous research in two ways. First, by allowing for a more flexible relationship between SoL and income, the structure of the estimated disability cost and equivalence scale is not dictated by a restrictive functional form assumption. Second, we allow for the latent nature of disability and SoL, addressing measurement error in the disability and SoL indicators in surveys. We find that disability costs are strongly related to severity of disability, and vary with income in absolute and proportionate terms. Older people above the median disability level require an extra £99 per week (2007 prices) on average to reach the SoL of an otherwise similar person at the median. Costs faced by older people in the highest decile of disability average £180. 相似文献
993.
Deprivation and the Dimensionality of Welfare: A Variable‐Selection Cluster‐Analysis Approach 下载免费PDF全文
We approach the problems of measuring the dimensionality of welfare and that of identifying the multidimensionally poor, by first finding the poor using the original space of attributes, and then reducing the welfare space. The starting point is the notion that the “poor” constitutes a group of individuals that are essentially different from the “non‐poor” in a truly multidimensional framework. Once this group has been identified through a clustering procedure, we propose reducing the dimension of the original welfare space using recent blinding methods for variable selection. We implement our approach to the case of Latin America based on the Gallup World Poll, which contains ample information on many dimensions of welfare. 相似文献
994.
Rexford E. Santerre 《Southern economic journal》2015,81(4):1074-1095
This article uses a panel data set of U.S. states over the 1980 to 2007 period to estimate the demands for medical care, cigarettes, and beer. The estimation process generates own‐price, income, and cross‐price elasticities for all three goods. Implied per capita beer and cigarette consumption elasticities of per capita health care expenditures, suggested by our baseline estimates, are 0.83 and 0.14, respectively. These results are robust to a number of specification tests. Simulations suggest that yearly marginal medical costs amount to approximately $12 per bottle and 27 cents per cigarette in the short run (in 2012 dollars). These results are likely to be driven by the much larger corresponding increases in the consumption of binge drinkers and heavy smokers.
相似文献
995.
Hannah Schuerenberg‐Frosch 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2015,83(1):117-139
Universal primary education is regarded as one of the key pillars of sustainable development. The positive influence of education on growth is supported by many empirical studies. However, the effects of education on labour supply, poverty reduction and welfare as well as subsistence agriculture are hardly traceable in an econometric set‐up, given the complex interactions and the long‐term nature of education. An economy‐wide dynamic simulation model provides a well‐suited toolkit to analyse the effects of increased school provision in these aspects and provides insights into the intertemporal aspects of the schooling decision of children. We develop a macroeconomic model that explicitly includes education and human capital allocation, and takes into account that the possibility of child labour increases the opportunity costs of human capital formation. In an application for Tanzania, we find that a large‐scale investment programme in education might have a negative effect on both gross domestic product (GDP) growth and high‐skilled labour supply in the short term but leads to higher GDP and welfare as well as significantly reduced child labour supply in the medium to long term. 相似文献
996.
文章将传统统计指标与空间统计指标相结合,从绝对和相对的角度测度了2000-2012年山东半岛蓝色经济区城市经济的时间和空间差异及其变化趋势,分析结果显示:2000-2012年间蓝色经济区城市经济的绝对差异逐年递增,相对差异在2009年后呈现递减趋势;城市经济的空间差异在总体上变化较小,相比之下城市人均GDP比城市GDP的空间差异显著。2009年与2012年蓝色经济区城市人均GDP与GDP的Moran’I系数的对比结果在一定程度上反映了自2009年以来建设山东半岛蓝色经济区取得的成绩,同时也显示了蓝色经济区城市经济空间集聚性的变化情况。 相似文献
997.
介绍了合成2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸的8条工艺路线,按采用主要原料来分,它包括:四氯苯酐法,四氟苯甲醇法,邻苯二腈法,四氟苯法,八氯萘法,N-苯基四氯邻苯二甲酰亚胺法等.对其中四氯苯酐法和N-苯基四氯邻苯二甲酰亚胺法,由于原料易得,操作条件适宜,容易工业化等原因作了重点叙述.合成步骤一般采用缩合、氟化、开环、脱羧和水解等反应合成2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸.2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸是一种重要的医药中间体,尤其是合成第3、4代喹诺酮抗菌药物的重要原料或中间体,如合成:洛美沙星、司氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星和芦氟沙星等.从发展趋势看,世界抗菌药物市场正在由头孢菌素向喹诺酮药物转移,所以,开发2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸具有璀璨的前景. 相似文献
998.
999.
本文利用一项广东省内开展的问卷调查资料,对第三方物流提供商的经营现状进行了分析,以期从供给角度探讨第三方物流在我国的发展状况,其研究结果对后续研究具有一定借鉴意义。研究结果表明,传统的运输仓储服务是现阶段第三方物流服务的重点,比较全面的服务内容往往只由实力雄厚的大型企业提供;第三方物流服务提供商总体上有着较高的业务满意度,对经营前景也普遍看好;中小型企业一般认为顾客服务与成本节约是成功的关键要素,大型企业则对长期伙伴关系和外部环境给予高度关注。 相似文献
1000.