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In many countries, taxes on businesses are less progressive than labor income taxes. This paper provides a justification for this pattern based on adverse selection that entrepreneurs face in credit markets. Individuals choose between becoming entrepreneurs or workers and differ in their skill in both of these occupations. I find that endogenous cross-subsidization in the credit market equilibrium results in excessive (insufficient) entry of low-skilled (high-skilled) agents into entrepreneurship. This gives rise to a corrective role for differential taxation of entrepreneurial profits and labor income. In particular, a profit tax that is regressive relative to taxes on labor income restores the efficient occupational choice. 相似文献
104.
Martin Blom Fulvio Castellacci Arne Martin Fevolden 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2013
The paper investigates the trade-off between innovation and defense industrial policy. It presents an agent-based simulation model calibrated for the Norwegian defense industry that compares different policy scenarios and examines the effects of a pending EU market liberalization process. The paper points to two main results. (1) It finds that a pure scenario where national authorities focus on, and provide support exclusively for, either a) international competitiveness or b) national defense and security objectives, is more Pareto efficient than a corresponding mixed strategy where policy makers simultaneously pursue both international competitiveness and defense and security objectives. (2) Under the conditions of the new EU liberalization regime, it finds that a stronger and more visible trade-off will emerge between international competitiveness and national defense and security objectives. Policy makers will have to choose which to prioritize, and set a clear agenda focusing on one of the two objectives. 相似文献
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关系营销的时代已经到来。本文探讨了关系营销与传统营销的差别,分析了关系营销在现代营销中的作用及其实施方法,构筑了基于6C理论的关系营销管理模式。 相似文献
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Abstract. This paper deals with the modern theory of social cost–benefit analysis in a dynamic economy. The theory emphasizes the role of a comprehensive, forward-looking, dynamic welfare index within the period of the project rather than that of a project's long-term consequences. However, what constitutes such a welfare index remains controversial in the recent literature. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on the issue by deriving three equivalent cost–benefit rules for evaluating a small project. In particular, we show that the direct change in a net national product (NNP) qualifies as a convenient welfare index without involving any other induced side effects. The project evaluation criterion thus becomes the present discounted value of the direct changes in NNP over the project period. We also illustrate the application of this theory in a few stylized examples. 相似文献
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This paper examines the investment responses to past Japanese tax reforms for individual industries. To identify the tax effect, this paper estimates investment functions by using a covariate of the change in tax-adjusted q caused by tax reform. This method alleviates the measurement error problem and enables the derivation of estimates indicating the valid adjustment cost of investment. Moreover, the findings suggest that firms’ investment responded significantly to tax reforms in the 1980s in general. Also, investments of only a few industries responded to those in the late 1990s, implying that the manner of investment response slightly differs among industries. 相似文献
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随着全球IPv4地址的告罄,IPv6的大规模应用已经走上舞台。由于业务与用户的迅猛增长,如何能够将IPv6建设成和IPv4网络一样安全、可管理、可运营的模式成为IPv6网络环境下新的挑战。本文结合在IPv4网络中使用的用户管理模式,探讨了IPv6网络环境下如何对网络接入用户进行控制和管理。 相似文献
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采用醇盐水解法制备纳米二氧化钛,最佳制备条件为醇:酯:蒸馏水=1:1:10(体积比);搅拌时间1h;煅烧温度为500℃;煅烧时间为2h。制得的纳米TiO2为单一晶型即锐钛矿型,平均粒径为17.32nm,比表面积为73.683m^2/g。光催化降解罗丹明6G的最佳操作条件是:TiO2用量0.5g;0.594%的H2O2溶液5mL;1.05%的FeCl3溶液1.5mL;反应时间为30min。脱色率达到98.51%。由于H2O2和FeCl3的协同作用,缩短了反应时间,提高了光催化效率。 相似文献