The optimal size of the competitive firm

In this article a simple derivation of the optimal long-run size of the competitive firm is given under general assumptions about the organization of the enterprise, and in a world where production occurs only under constant or increasing returns to scale. To do this, only the basic notion of a firm as some form of central coordinating agency is relied on.     

The European Union's debt question: A conceptional viewpoint

The state can be conceived as an organization to protect personal freedom and to provide public goods. Consequently, we expect a constitution to consist of two different sets of rules; rules on personal freedom and rules for making collective decisions on public goods (mostly budgetary rules). The constitution of the European Union as laid down in the treaty of Maastricht (1992) provides both types of rules, but the emphasis is mainly on the former rules. This paper investigates budgetary rules, in particular the welfare economic logic of deficit spending.     

Interaction based market segmentation

Purpose of this article is to evaluate the significance of market segmentation in situations of selling complex industrial products. The notion of “interaction based segmentation” is developed in this study.     

论IPv4向IPv6过渡的必要性和可行性

文章阐述了IPv4的局限性和发展IPv6的必然性和可行性,同时就从IPv4过渡到IPv6的3种方式——双协议栈、隧道技术和翻译器技术进行了探讨,但目前的IPv6仅仅处于实验阶段,对IPv6的真正使用还有一段很长的时间,有许多细节问题需要解决。     

Identification and estimation of statistical functionals using incomplete data

Incomplete data, due to missing observations or interval measurement of variables, usually cause parameters of interest in applications to be unidentified except under untestable and often controversial assumptions. However, it is often possible to identify sharp bounds on parameters without making untestable assumptions about the process through which data become incomplete. The bounds contain all logically possible values of the parameters and can be estimated consistently by replacing the population distribution of the data with the empirical distribution. This is straightforward in some circumstances but computationally burdensome in others. This paper describes the general problem and presents an empirical illustration.     

IPv6提供的网络技术分析

文章首先介绍了IPv6产生和技术原理,并阐明了IPv6技术发展现状,同时分析了IPv6的几种关键技术。     

Productivity growth and inter-sector spill-over in Dutch horticulture, 1976–1995

This article calculates nonparametric measures of total factor productivity growth on Dutch horticultural firms in the period 1976–1995. Individual components of total factor productivity growth, i.e., efficiency change and technical change are regressed on socioeconomic factors reflecting the effects of the world oil crises, household and demographic characteristics, location, and investment in physical capital. Also, the article investigates the presence of inter‐sector spill‐overs between groups of firms with different specializations in Dutch horticulture.     

Audit office size,audit quality and audit pricing: evidence from small- and medium-sized enterprises

Using Swedish data, we investigate how audit quality and audit pricing vary with audit firm and office size. In contrast to prior studies, we use disciplinary sanctions issued against auditors not meeting the quality requirement as the measure of audit quality. We find no significant differences in the likelihood of sanctions between Big 4 audit firms and the fifth and sixth largest audit firms in Sweden (Grant Thornton and BDO). We refer to these collectively as ‘Top 6’. However, we find that the probabilities of warnings or exclusions from the profession are much higher for non-Top 6 auditors in Sweden than for Top 6 auditors. Furthermore, we find a strong negative association between the likelihood of sanctions and audit office size for non-Top 6 auditors. This association is insignificant for Top 6 audit firms. Audit fees follow a similar pattern and indicate that larger audit firms and offices put in more effort or have greater expertise. These results suggest that audit quality is differentiated in the private segment market. However, contrary to prior studies, our results suggest that the important dimensions are Top 6 versus non-Top 6 and the office size of non-Top 6 audit firms.     

用精益六西格玛方法完善某T/R组件生产工艺

本文介绍了精益生产和六西格玛的基本含义及特点,通过精益生产和六西格玛管理的对比分析,指出了实施精益六西格玛的必要性和可行性。针对我所某T/R组件生产工艺中存在的实际问题,成立精益六西格玛绿带项目组,根据精益六西格玛的五个基本步骤,充分运用适宜的常用方法和工具,改进、完善了该产品T/R组件生产工艺,大大缩短了调试时间,取得了较好的经济效益,达到了预期的目标。     

6-APA裂解过程搅拌型式的研究及改进

考虑到裂解过程在6-APA生产过程中的重要性,为了改善裂解效果,针对6-APA裂解过程中使用的装置特别是搅拌型式进行了实验研究,确定采用"EKATO INTERMIG"型搅拌形式效果最佳,并据此对生产设备进行设计和改造。