Income and substitution effects of fiscal policy on work effort

The focus of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the impact on work effort of changes in government purchases financed with lump‐sum taxes, in a neoclassical framework, with respect to four industrialised countries. Second, it reconsiders the expenditure–work effort relationship in a broader conceptual context that allows for distortionary taxation and a disaggregation of the income and substitution effects. Our findings are shown to cast doubt on the empirical plausibility of the prevailing (neoclassical and New Keynesian) models which seem to rely heavily on the lump‐sum tax notion, thus ignoring the substitution effects of distortionary taxation.     

Foreign direct investment, competition and industrial development in the host country

This paper analyses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the development of local firms. We focus on two likely effects of FDI: A competition effect which deters entry of domestic firms and positive market externalities which foster the development of local industry. Using a simple theoretical model to illustrate how these forces work we show that the number of domestic firms follows a u-shaped curve, where the competition effect first dominates but is gradually outweighed by positive externalities. Evidence for Ireland tends to support this result. Specifically, applying semi-parametric regression techniques on plant level panel data for the manufacturing sector we find that while the competition effect may have initially deterred local firms’ entry, this initial effect has been outpaced by positive externalities making the overall impact of FDI largely positive for the domestic industry.     

西部地区经济差异化分析——基于基尼系数的产业分解

随着西部经济的进一步发展,该区内部经济发展不平衡的问题也日渐凸显。文章在梳理西部省区经济差异发展状况和产业结构演变历程的基础上,运用基尼系数对西部12省区进行了产业分解。结果表明,二、三产业发展水平是西部经济差异化扩大的主要因素,而地理集中程度又是导致西部二、三产业发展水平差异化的主要因素。     

The condition of the Turking class: Are online employers fair and honest?

Critics of online labor markets claim that employer abuses are endemic in these markets. Surveying a sample of workers, I find that, on average, workers perceive online employers to be slightly fairer and more honest than offline employers.     

Bidding for brains: Intellectual property rights and the international migration of knowledge workers

We introduce international mobility of knowledge workers into a model of Nash equilibrium IPR policy choice among countries. We show that governments have incentives to use IPRs in a bidding war for global talent, resulting in Nash equilibrium IPRs that can be too high, rather than too low, from a global welfare perspective. These incentives become stronger as developing countries grow in size and wealth, thus allowing them to prevent the ‘poaching’ of their ‘brains’ by larger, wealthier markets.     

Productivity Spillovers from FDI in Malaysian Manufacturing: Evidence from Micro‐panel Data*

Using an establishment‐level panel dataset for the Malaysian manufacturing industries for 2000–2004, we argue that differences in the proxies and degrees of foreign shareholdings in measuring foreign presence lead to opposite signs and/or significance of spillover effects. The results show significant evidence of positive productivity spillovers to local establishments in the same industry, based on a broad measure of foreign presence. However, there is no evidence of positive spillover when employment share is used as a proxy for foreign presence. Furthermore, significant negative spillover effects are related to higher employment shares of wholly foreign‐owned establishments. Although there is no significant difference in labor productivity between wholly foreign‐owned and locally‐owned establishments, both majority and minority foreign‐owned establishments have significantly lower levels of labor productivity than locally‐owned establishments in Malaysia.     

基于IPv6任播地址解析协议及应用之研究

任播技术是一种新的网络应用。任播通信是支持导向服务地址的,但是目前IPv6中它的很多定义是模糊的,并且在控制路由方面没有达成一致的协议标准,因此节点间任播通信仍然无法实现。该文首先说明了基于IPv6的任播通信,及目前在该领域中存在许多可能的应用,并指出一些问题和与之对应的解决办法,随后介绍了一种使用特殊任播地址来建立TCP连接的任播地址解析协议,使得任播地址在适应已经存在的应用和高层协议时,不需要修改或者扩展的情况下更加有效。     

氟硅酸泵的国产化实践

硅氟酸极具腐蚀性 ,考虑到经济性 ,2 0 #合金、哈氏合金、蒙乃尔等贵金属很少被选为泵材。由于橡胶、塑料等高分子材料具有很好的抗蚀性和一定的机械性能 ,且价格便宜 ,因此一般选用其作为泵体材料。我们通过分析、比较 ,成功选择国产氟硅酸泵替代国外进口泵 ,实现国产化。     

In or out? explaining state shares of the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement

In 1998, 46 states were involved in a Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) with the tobacco industry. The other four states settled on their own. Our goal is to answer a counter factual question: how would these four states have fared had they been included in the MSA? We use data from Viscusi (2002 Viscusi WK (2002) Smoke‐Filled Rooms Chicago University of Chicago Press  [Google Scholar]) to explain settlement shares for states participating in the 1998 tobacco MSA, and to predict settlement shares for the four nonparticipating states. We find that two nonparticipating states (Minnesota and Mississippi) may have fared substantially worse had they been included in the MSA.