The warren court,inequality and the poor

This paper presents a gender perspective of the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The TAA is the primary US policy to assist the transition of workers displaced due to trade related economic restructuring. In comparison to the relatively substantial research on gendering trade policies in developing economies there is very limited focus on gendering policy responses to trade in the US. We argue that there is a specific gender trend in the trade-displacement patterns in the US which calls for a gender sensitive policy response. We examine the TAA in light of this trend and offer some suggestions for a gendered approach to providing assistance to workers negotiating an increasingly flexible global labor market.     

知识产权保护与自由贸易的冲突与协调

知识产权保护与自由贸易的冲突由来已久,TRIPS协议实施后,更引发了国家之间尤其是发达国家和发展中国家之间在贸易及其他利益方面的多种冲突,因此发达国家和发展中国家应加强在知识产权保护方面的协调,我国也应采取相应对策以减少知识产权冲突,充分发挥知识产权保护机制的积极作用。     

Export-promoting production subsidies and the dynamic gains from experience

This paper examines export-promoting production subsidies in a dynamic product-cycle model with learning by doing and spillovers from experience. History dictates that the South is less experienced than the North and, thus, produces less advanced goods. Non-uniform Southern export promoting production subsidies applied to a small set of marginal industries that are on the verge of being internationally competitive, generate conventional static benefits for the South and costs for the North. Since such an industrial policy expands the South's range of production, it ultimately enhances Southern learning. The South's rate of production and technology transfer and the North's rate of innovation both increase, creating dynamic benefits for each country. While the South must gain overall, the North will also gain if the dynamic benefits outweigh the static costs.     

自由贸易区战略助推人民币区域化——基于CAFTA的实证研究

2008年全球金融危机的爆发使得以中国为代表的新兴经济体开始寻求本币国际化的进程。自由贸易区战略和人民币区域化之间有何关联?本文根据人民币的事实境外流通状况和发展趋势,选定CAFTA作为人民币区域化的辐射范围,分析人民币区域化的贸易总量和结构条件后认为:(一)人民币区域化的贸易总量条件已经具备,在贸易结构条件上则喜忧参半;(二)人民币区域化必须具备相应的贸易结算基础,否则人民币区域化将无法得到实体经济的有力支持;(三)自由贸易区内区域性贸易逆差在推动人民币区域化进程中有一定作用。最后提出运用自贸区战略的巧实力助推人民币区域化的政策建议。     

Leveling the playing field: factors influencing trade show success for small companies

Recent research indicates that trade shows are a place to find prospects and close sales. Yet, many requisites of success found in prior studies may not be available to companies with limited resources. A study that compares the activities of successful vs. unsuccessful exhibitors from small companies was conducted. Results indicate similar budgets, yet very different results. Factors influencing success include strategic factors such as centering responsibility in one position, as well as tactical decisions such as those regarding pre-show promotion.     

双边WTO协议对我国外贸制度的影响

与WTO成员举行双边谈判是“入世”的必要程序，谈判结果体现为中国的“承诺”，构成了中国“入世”的基本条件，并净引发我国外贸制度的改革，例如，对外贸主体范围的限制将逐步取消，外贸权与内贸权将逐步融合，数额管理和许可证管理的任意性将受到限制，服务领域将成为对外开放的主要领域等等。此外，政府外贸管理的力度将逐步减弱，外贸服务的职能将日益加强。总之，本文试图说明：加入WTO对我国贸易经济带来的挑战正在步步逼近。     

Trade policy under imperfect competition: The economics of Russian roulette

Summary Neo-classical economic theory shows that managed trade or protectionism is (almost) always welfare decreasing. However, measurements of the welfare costs of protectionism based on neo-classical models seem to suggest that these costs are quite small. We discuss general new insights and developments in the theory, policy and empiricism of international trade. The observation that intra-industry trade and the services sector are important has led to a shift in theory away from constant returns to scale and perfect competition towards economies of scale and scope, externalities, market imperfections, and imperfect competition. Although this, in principle, opens the door to beneficial government intervention in the economic process, we emphasize that the true costs of protection can potentially be much higher than is generally acknowledged as a result of the above mentioned shift.We would like to thank, without implicating, Martin Fase, Harry Garretsen, Catrinus Jepma, Simon Kuipers, Ger Lanjouw, Tenn Schmidt, Albert de Vaal, and Jean-Marie Viaene for stimulating conversations and useful suggestions. We thank Thijs Knaap for excellent research assistance.     

Transnational corporations' strategies and foreign trade patterns in MERCOSUR countries in the 1990s

Market-seeking strategies predominate in the recent FDI boomin MERCOSUR countries. In the trade performance of transnationalcorporation affiliates a sort of ‘asymmetric integration’is clearly visible: they produce for the internal market and,to some extent, for the regional one, while import inputs andfinal goods from developed countries (and a significant partof these trade flows is intra-firm). Thus, even if affiliatesobtained productivity gains in the 1990s, they have not yetbeen reflected in a significant increase in exports, and evenless in extra-regional exports. Hence, the foreign direct investmentboom seemingly has not yet contributed to a better insertionof MERCOSUR countries into the world economy.     

国际贸易模型中的汇率变量研究

随着汇率波动的加剧,汇率对贸易的影响凸现.古典与新古典主义因所处于固定汇率体制中的金本位时期,所以并未给以汇率以足够的重视;凯恩斯主义在其需求分析的框架中研究汇率,因此其汇率分析也必然带有凯恩斯主义固有的缺陷--缺乏较坚实的微观基础;新国际贸易理论在产业内贸易框架中分析汇率变量.缺乏宏观高度.本文基于浮动汇率前提,试在宏观经济层面寻找国际贸易中汇率变量的微观基础,并给出程式化分析.     

中国——东盟贸易自由化中的税收竞争与协调

中国和东盟国家同是发展中国家,为吸引外资发展本国经济,长期以来都采取了税收优惠等税收竞争手段。目前,中国——东盟自由贸易区正在构建,并已进入了“早期收获”阶段。本文主要围绕中国——东盟贸易自由化进程中各方利益的博弈和国际税收竞争与协调这两大因素,就自由贸易区建成前后的两个阶段,分析中国和东盟国家在吸引外资方面的税收竞争的影响,并认为在贸易自由化启动后,中国和东盟国家应走竞争与协调相结合之路。