Exchange Rate Pegs, Fiscal Policy and Credibility

In a fixed exchange rate regime, an exchange rate change can be a swift way to change the real exchange rate in the short run. Fiscal policy also affects relative prices, and fiscal policy response to various types of shocks can therefore be crucial for the credibility of an exchange rate peg. We develop a model within which fiscal policy plays a crucial role for ensuring the viability and thus credibility of an exchange rate peg. We use the insights of this model to take a closer look at Denmark, which has successfully pursued a fixed exchange rate policy since 1982.

我国金融市场基础设施管理:现状、难点和立法路径

随着我国金融市场的纵深化发展,金融市场基础设施因其基础服务、系统性风险管理、辅助监管以及助力金融市场开放和营商环境完善等作用而日益受到重视,并成为现代金融治理和推动金融现代化的重要内容。但我国金融市场基础设施在运行和管理过程中却存在监管分散、制度空白、支持宏观审慎监管不力等情况,各方在相关概念和标准、统筹监管、恢复与处置安排等方面难以形成法律共识。为更好发挥金融市场基础设施作用,完善制度环境,我国应从金融市场基础设施的相关概念入手,明确其稳健运行所需的保障手段,完善统筹监管框架,有效衔接其他相关法律,并通过分步走的方式填补制度空白,提高立法层级。     

Nonlinearity and time-variation in the monetary model of exchange rates

In this paper we analyze the existence of nonlinear relationships between macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rates for some major industrialized countries using an error correction model with time-varying parameters for the post Bretton Woods period. We find that inflation rate differentials with respect to the US inflation rate are the driving forces for the nonlinear relationships in the monetary model for exchange rates for the data from Germany, the UK, Canada, France and Italy. In addition to the variables in the traditional monetary model, also the relative interest rates are relevant in determining exchange rate changes only when the inflation differentials are either very large or very small. In contrast to previous studies we find significant long-run effects in the error correction representation of the monetary model for exchange rates when the nonlinear dynamics is taken into account in the analysis.     

Inflation persistence and exchange rate regime: Implications for dynamic adjustment to shocks in a small open economy

The paper examines implications of inflation persistence for business cycle dynamics following terms of trade shock in a small oil producing economy, under inflation targeting and exchange rate targeting regimes. It is shown that due to the ‘Walters critique’ effect, the country’s adjustment paths are slow and cyclical if there is a significant backward-looking element in the inflation dynamics and the exchange rate is fixed. It is also shown that such cyclical adjustment paths are moderated if there is a high proportion of forward-looking price setters in the economy, so that when the Phillips curve becomes completely forward-looking cyclicality in adjustment paths disappears and the response of the real exchange rate becomes hump-shaped. In contrast, with an independent monetary policy, irrespective of the degree of inflation persistence, flexible exchange rate allows to escape severe cycles, which results in a smooth response of the real exchange rate.     

个人投资者交易行为研究——来自台湾股市的证据

本文基于台湾股市数据,主要研究个人投资者的交易行为。参照Kaniel et al.(2008)构建了个人投资者交易不平衡性指标─净交易,以反映投资者股票交易的强度。采用这种交易不平衡性指标来构建投资组合研究个人投资者的交易行为。首先研究个人投资者交易和股票的收益之间的动态关系从而分析投资者的交易策略,然后研究个人投资者净交易的收益预测能力从而分析个人投资者交易的信息含量。本文研究发现:台湾股票市场的个人投资者采用负反馈的交易策略,并且个人投资者在交易中表现出很强的处置效应;个人投资者在交易中的信息含量不足;个人投资者交易中的盈利主要来自两个方面:过度反应和价格冲击。文章最后给出政策建议。     

对我国外汇储备超适度规模的实证分析——基于改进的阿格沃尔模型

本文运用改进的阿格沃尔模型,选取1994-2010年数据对我国外汇储备适度规模进行了实证分析,结果表明:目前我国外汇储备规模已经明显过量。Johansen协整检验和Granger因果关系检验显示:进出口额、GDP、外商直接投资与外汇储备规模之间存在长期协整关系,对外汇储备规模能够产生长期的影响;但外债余额尤其是短期外债余额和广义货币供应量也能在短期内对外汇储备规模产生影响。本文认为,改善贸易结构并扩大内需,加大进口力度并支持对外投资,重视GDP的质量并促进经济理性增长,严格外企准入制度并转变外企引进结构,增强人民币汇率弹性等政策措施是抑制我国外汇储备过度增长的有效途径。     

人民币升值能改变中国的贸易顺差吗

本文使用非线性平滑转换模型研究了人民币升值对我国贸易顺差的动态影响,研究发现在样本时期内非线性模型能更好地拟合两者的动态关系,在非线性条件下,当期人民币升值将会使贸易顺差增加,前两期人民币升值将会导致当期贸易顺差减少,人民币升值对贸易顺差的影响表现出很强的非线性门限特征。人民币汇率对贸易差额影响的时间路径像是一个"倒J-曲线"。2000年以来人民币汇率虽然一直在发挥着降低贸易顺差的作用,但是,人民币汇率不是贸易顺差形成的主要原因。     

汇率冲击与外汇储备对人民币国际化的动态影响——基于IS-LM-EE模型和SVAR的实证分析

本文基于IS-LM-EE模型构建了汇率冲击效应的理论模型,并利用SVAR方法对1996~2010年的月度时间序列数据,从国际贸易规模、人民币价值稳定、金融业发展三个方面研究了汇率和外汇储备冲击对人民币国际化的动态影响。分析结果表明,短期内人民币渐进和小幅升值虽然给国际贸易带来负面冲击,然而长期内这不仅有利于出口导向型发展模式的转变和国际收支的再平衡,而且也有助于实现低通货膨胀率和人民币的内外价值稳定。此外,外汇储备累积通过货币供给、利率、银行利差等渠道对人民币价值稳定及其国际化形成不可忽略的负面冲击。     

我国货币政策汇率传导机制有效性的实证研究

本文应用当代主流的计量经济学的研究方法,通过对2002年以来相关的经济金融月度数据的实证分析,探究了我国货币政策传导渠道之汇率传导渠道的运作机制以及传导效果。写作本文的目的不仅在于对汇率传导渠道的有效性得出一个基本判断,而且想借此判断在深入分析的基础上,不断完善我国货币政策传导的微观金融环境,期望进一步推动我国的金融市场建设和金融体制改革。     

涉外农业企业应对汇率风险的策略选择

基于有关文献的梳理,本文提出了一个汇率风险反应行为概念性模型,并通过对130家中国农业企业的调查发现,模型基本刻画了涉外企业应对汇率风险的一般行为模式,运营策略、财务策略、签约策略和贸易融资是涉外农业企业规避汇率风险的主要手段。同时,对农业企业应对汇率风险的效果进行了简要评价,总结了农业企业汇率风险反应行为的特点和趋势。在此基础上,对进一步的研究提出了展望。