America's Engagement in Iraq: Insights and implications for public management research

Abstract

There are lessons to be learned in the matter of public management in Iraq and Afghanistan, especially in the importance of the management cultures in which decisions are made. This review is of four books, by different authors, sharing their journalist approach. Four shared themes emerge from these works: the importance of training, organizational culture, strategy, and governance. The authors develop an awareness of the inter-connectivity of the leadership and management cultures of the military and civilians, with significant implications for future public management research. Each of the four books in this review offers contributions that extend the knowledge and practice of public management and public policy, providing hard-learned lessons that can be cross walked into teaching, practice, and research.     

A preliminary theoretical examination of the targeted public distribution system in India

A theoretical model of targeting in the public distribution system is set out. In any system of targeting there could be inclusion and exclusion errors. These errors could be reduced by search by the state. The state aims to minimise the costs of food administration subject to keeping the magnitude of the exclusion error bounded. Targeting involves a consideration of the objective poverty level, the official poverty level and the targeted poverty level by the state. The targeted poverty level could be less than the official poverty level if the extent of search is not adequate. The objective poverty level is an increasing function of the above poverty line issue price of food due to exclusion errors, a decreasing function of the procurement price of food and by definition the below poverty line issue price of food. The instruments in the hands of the state are the official poverty level, the above poverty line issue price for food, the procurement price of food and the extent of search. The comparative static implications of the model are set out.     

PSC指标在VFM评价中的应用研究

英国是PFI/PPP模式的发起者和主要推广者。采用了PSC指标为基准的评价方法来获得最佳的VFM。本文研究表明:PSC指标的应用随着PPP项目在全球的开展并不具有广泛意义,分别受到来自实践和理论的质疑。这对建立我国的VFM评价体系有一定启示作用。     

《公民权利和政治权利公约》与我国的人权保障

中国政府于1998年10月签署《公民权利和政治权利公约》,但至今未报经全国人大批准。主要原因在于我国对人权保障的理解及宪法中的相关规定与该《公约》存在重大差别：对人权来源的认识和规定不同;对＂人民自决权＂的理解存在差异;关于＂平等权＂＂迁徙和选择住所的自由＂＂无罪推定原则＂＂人人有权享受思想、良心和宗教自由＂＂结社的自由＂等方面的规定不同。我国应该加强人权理论研究和宣传教育的力度;完善我国宪法法律关于人权保障的相关制度和机制,逐步推动我国人权保障事业的发展。     

Rethinking the boundaries of social marketing: Activism or advertising?

In some areas of public health concern, corporate marketing activities may negate social marketing messages targeting individuals. Traditional social marketing campaigns may be ineffective when commercial marketing activities create an environment that encourages and maintains unhealthy behaviors. This article explores the role of social marketing in these instances.     

Mobility of public researchers, scientific knowledge transfer, and the firm's innovation process

The present study provides evidence on the mobility effects of researchers from the public R&D system with regard to firm's innovation process. This issue is particularly novel and important as these researchers contribute to the production and transfer of knowledge previously developed and accumulated in the public R&D system. The findings confirm that scientific knowledge which public researchers provide has a positive influence on both inputs and outputs of the firms' innovation process. The fact that firms have access to additional knowledge which is complementary to that they already hold represents a spur for exploiting and applying this new knowledge. The firms in this study continually increased their in-house R&D investments. As a result of these investments firms create new knowledge of a unique and valuable type. The study draws two important conclusions geared to providing a greater efficiency in human resource management and to improve the design of technology policies.     

论微博问政对公共政策制定的影响

伴随着微博渐趋平民化与大众化,微博问政这一“民间舆论场”受到网民青睐.微博问政对公共政策的制定利弊皆存：它有利于推动社会问题进入政策议程,维护政策合法化,促进政策制定的民主科学化；但由于虚假信息过多、利益集团、国外敌对势力的干扰、数字鸿沟的差异使得微博问政给公共政策制定也带来消极影响.本文将立足阐述微博问政兴起的背景与发展现状,分析其对公共政策制定的利弊,最后将探讨提升微博问政在公共政策制定中效能的路径.     

Facilitating public participation in tourism planning on American Indian reservations: A case study involving the Nominal Group Technique

Tourism is frequently cited as a tool by which American Indians can strengthen the economies of their reservations. However, successful tourism development on such reservations requires effective tourism planning, and effective tourism planning requires public participation in the planning process. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) has proved to be a useful group process in the tourism field but its application to tourism planning on American Indian reservations has been unexplored. This article helps to fill this knowledge gap by reporting on an NGT workshop conducted on the Lake Traverse Reservation of the Sisseton–Wahpeton Oyate (people, nation) in North and South Dakota, USA. Rich information on tourism development possibilities for three lakefront properties was obtained. Possible success factors are discussed and suggestions for conducting similar future workshops on American Indian reservations are advanced.     

A conceptual framework for public-private interplay in the telecommunications sector

Public activity in the telecommunications industry has experienced important transformations in the last decade: “reinvolvement” in infrastructure deployment, “innovative” boosting measures, and decentralisation of some decisions. Conceptually, even more important than the measures themselves is the fact that private agents often participate in their realisation and execution. This paper reviews how justifications for public action that would apply to any economic activity area have modelled the public-private relationship in the telecommunications sector. Subsequently, it focuses on the analysis of the new spaces for public-private collaboration that are currently opening up.     

公立医院绩效工资分配中的问题及对策

公立医院推进绩效工资改革,面临认识不够、考核指标分层难等现实问题。可以从提高绩效考核、工资分配的重要性的认识,作好绩效工资的分层工作,突出重点科室、重点岗位同时兼顾公平的原则等方面入手进行完善。