智慧城市轨道交通建设的有效性研究

随着我国城市建设进程不断地加快,相关政府部门加强了对智慧城市轨道交通的建设.要想保证整体建设的有效性,就要制定科学的智慧城轨战略,加强对数字化和网络化等新技术的有效应用,促进与城轨之间的深度融合,进而实现城市轨道交通的信息化建设.     

型煤干燥设备结构设计与分析

针对型煤干燥过程能源利用效率低、粉尘污染严重等问题,设计开发了一套通过在煤层下方铺设导热油管提供热量,并利用余热回收装置提高能源利用效率的型煤干燥装置。介绍了型煤干燥设备的总体结构,并对该装置的导热油炉、干燥室、余热利用装置3部分进行了结构分析,其中干燥室内铺设多层导热油管以逐步加热煤层和空气,从而能够在较小的风速条件下实现型煤的高效率干燥。通过结构分析和企业应用情况反馈表明,在保持相同干燥效率条件下,与不采用换热排管的装置相比,本装置在干燥过程中型煤几乎没有破损,干燥风速降低30%以上,单产能量消耗降低超过10%。因此,所设计的装置可以显著提高型煤成品率,降低粉尘污染,提高能量利用效率,降低企业生产成本,有助于型煤的推广利用。     

A systems-based approach to address unintended consequences of demand-driven transportation planning in national parks and public lands

In most cases, transportation planning in national parks and public lands might most appropriately be termed “demand-driven.” In this approach, rigorous analyses of park visitation, traffic, and parking data are used as a basis for transportation planning to accommodate current and projected future visitor demand, within financial constraints. Performance measures used to assess the quality of transportation systems in national parks are generally related to “moving people” efficiently. This approach is based on well-established principles for transportation planning in urban and rural communities. However, a demand-driven approach to transportation planning may not be suitable in national parks and public lands because it may enable levels of visitation that cause visitor crowding, resource impacts, and other unintended consequences. This paper introduces a more sustainable, systems-based transportation planning approach developed in the Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO) to help the park operate its shuttle bus system efficiently and conveniently, and according to thresholds for visitor crowding and resource impacts at sites serviced by the shuttle system. The transportation planning approach developed in this study for ROMO is more suitable and sustainable for national parks and public lands than a demand-driven approach, and is readily adaptable to other locations. Correspondingly, the approach is now being applied in several other national parks and public lands recreation areas.     

Traveler satisfaction in rapid rail systems: The case of Istanbul metro

Multifaceted characteristics of urban travel have an impact on the passengers' overall satisfaction with the transport system. In this study, we investigate the interrelationships among traveler satisfaction, travel and traveler characteristics, and service performance in a multimodal network that comprises of a trunk line and its feeder lines. We analyze the factors influencing the choices of access to rail transit stations and the satisfaction of transit travelers with the rapid rail transit systems. We quantitatively study these relationships and demonstrate the complexity of evaluating transit service performance. Since the interrelationships among variables affecting this system are mainly stochastic, we analyze the satisfaction with transit system problem using a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN), which helps capture the causality among variables with inherent uncertainty. Using the case of Istanbul, we employ the BBN as a decision support tool for policy-makers to analyze the rapid rail transit services and determine policies for improving the quality and the level of service to increase the satisfaction with transit system. In the case study, satisfaction with accessibility and access mode variables are found to be more effective variables than total travel time for travel time satisfaction, confirming the significant role of access in multimodal travels.     

Fiscal expansion, monetary policy, interest rate risk premia, and wage reactions

We examine the macroeconomic implications of fiscal policy in a small open economy, with emphasis on the interactions between fiscal, monetary and labour market policies. The paper uses the NBNZ-DEMONZ macroeconometric model. Novel features of the model are that it includes an endogenous interest rate risk premium (IRRP), and forward-looking monetary and fiscal policy reaction functions which capture the essence of New Zealand's Reserve Bank and Fiscal Responsibility Acts. The most important empirical result is that the postulated IRRP, proxying financial market mechanisms, can contribute at least as much as the monetary policy reaction function to maintaining price stability. Also of significance are that an income tax cuts package shows more damped real GDP and underlying inflation paths than does an expenditure increases equivalent; and that the inflationary and real sector impacts of a personal income tax cut package depend heavily on how the cut is `shared' between firms and workers. The nature and interdependence of monetary and fiscal policies and labour market conditions are therefore crucial to the macroeconomic outcomes.     

钢栈桥兼做钢梁运输通道的应用研究

本文主要介绍了在某项目公铁两用长江大桥施工中,针对桥梁施工的特点及周边运输条件,通过将钢栈桥兼做钢梁运输通道,从而很好解决了在长江航道范围内大吨位钢梁运输的难题.该栈桥不但可以满足主体工程下部施工,而且也可兼做钢梁运输通道,提高了栈桥的使用效率,大大降低了施工措施费用.并且由于钢栈桥承载吨位较大,钢梁运输更加安全,避免...     

游说竞争、信息披露与公共政策的走向

公共政策是调节各方面利益关系的产物,有组织的利益集团可以通过游说来影响公共政策,在政策制定过程中他们通过与某些决策的相关信息部门形成某种利益纽带。利益集团在相互竞争中形成某种制约性的力量,公共决策机制的设计就要充分利用利益集团之间的相互制衡,以达到公共权力分散和牵制的效果。     

Local democracy implications for coastal zone management—A case study in southern Norway

Stakeholder participation is frequently recommended to ensure that public values are taken into account in the decision-making processes. However, few attempts have been made to analyse the extent to which increasing stakeholder participation actually leads to better representation of the public values. The main aim of this study is to obtain more insights about reasons why the most frequently applied form of stakeholder participation, i.e. the public hearings, may fail in representing the general public views and values when applied at a local level. A case study was conducted on policy formulations and decision-making in the coastal zone on the island Flekkerøy in southern Norway. Local- and regional-public authorities contributed in in-depth interviews and with written documentation to inform about a comprehensive stakeholder participation process that took place in the early 1990s. The main findings include that landowner interests, and not public views and values, were legitimised during the participatory process because of: (1) the landowner's strong local social power among inhabitants, (2) the design of the participatory processes favouring the landowner interests, (3) the personal relations between local landowners and public managers, and (4) the low representation of public views and values due to a problem of scale, i.e. the NIMBY syndrome. Based on our experience, we recommend improving representation of public views by changing the frequently applied participatory processes to also include citizens in addition to interest groups and experts.     

基于DEMATEL-ISM的国内甩挂运输发展影响因素研究

为了降低国内社会物流成本、提升运输效率、支持国家绿色化物流发展、推广先进运输方式,对国内甩挂运输发展的影响因素进行研究。集成决策实验室分析(DEMATEL)法和解释结构模型(ISM)法,运用Python软件构建了国内甩挂运输发展影响因素的多层递阶结构模型,并基于模型分析了影响因素之间的递阶关系。结果表明：1)政府扶持力度X₃和发展现代物流意识X₁₃这2个因素的重要程度远高于其他发展因素,作为原因因素直接或间接影响每个发展因素;2)运输平台网络构建水平X₁₀作为强结果因素,主要受到大数据技术应用情况X₁₁和“互联网+”模式结合情况X₁₂等强原因因素的影响;3)甩挂运输联盟是发展国内甩挂运输的中坚因素,但其内部具有不稳定性。因此,针对国内甩挂运输发展问题,应重点关注政府扶持力度和发展现代物流意识,并加快甩挂运输联盟向甩挂运输平台转化,甩挂运输联盟内部建议采用新技术保证联盟健康发展。研究结果可为发展国内甩挂运输提供思路,从而促进实现物流行业的可持续性发展。     

Determinants of interest rate swap spreads

This study argues that an interest rate swap, as a non-redundant security, creates surplus which will be shared by swap counterparties to compensate their risks in swaps. This action in turns affects swap spreads. Analyzing the time series impacts of the changes of risks of swap counterparties on swap spreads, we conclude that both lower and higher rating bond spreads have positive impacts on swap spreads. We also derive a risk–spread relation to test if swap counterparties are firms with differential credit ratings. Since the risk allocation between swap counterparties varies over business cycles, hence this factor needs to be controlled. We conclude that (1) similar results hold if the business cycle factor is controlled and (2) swap spreads contain procyclical element and are less cyclical than lower credit rating bond spreads.