Stock return, risk, and legal environment around the world

This paper investigates how the legal environment in a country influences performance and risk of stock across countries at different developmental stages and of various rules of jurisdiction. Using data of 4916 stocks from 37 countries, our empirical findings confirm that equities in countries with English common law origin have higher risk premiums than those in civil law countries, particularly for countries of the French/Spanish code. The indicators representing high efficiency in law system, low corruption, strong legal protection of investors' rights, and reliable political environment are associated with low risk and high performance. The various elements of legal procedural formalism, however, have differing effects on volatility and return.     

浅析美国在华直接投资与中美贸易的关系

贸易和投资——世界经济全球化的两个主要推动力量,日益向着一体化的方向发展。随着经济全球化的日益深入,中美两国的经贸联系越发密切。美国是当今世界经济的主要引擎之一,其在华的直接投资对中关进出口贸易产生着举足轻重的影响。文章分析了美国在华直接投资与中关贸易的发展趋势及其特点,并在此基础上探讨了美国对华投资与中关贸易互相促进的关系。     

哈萨克斯坦核能的多元国际合作

哈萨克斯坦的“核能”日益成为哈萨克斯坦发展本国能源开采业的重要部门,也是哈萨克斯坦外汇收入的主要来源之一。核能多元外交成为哈萨克斯坦发展经济与建设“国际核燃料库”的能源出口大国的政治手段。     

An asset-pricing view of external adjustment

Recent literature has argued that conventional measures of external sustainability - the trade balance and current account - are misleading because they omit capital gains on net foreign asset positions. We adjust the definition of the current account to include the capital gains and discuss how this may affect our thinking about external adjustment and sustainability. We do so in the context of a two-country macro-finance model of Pavlova and Rigobon (2008a) that allows exploration of the interconnections between equilibrium portfolios and external accounts' dynamics. We calibrate the model and find that it generates several testable implications, some of which have already been validated empirically. First, we establish dynamic properties of the capital-gains adjusted current account and show that they are fundamentally different from those of the conventional current account. Second, we find that capital gains have a stabilizing effect on the trade balance and the current account. Finally, we demonstrate that in response to a shock, the conventional and the capital-gains adjusted current accounts may move in opposite directions.     

Influence of industry type on the relationship between international operations and risk

Reducing strategic risk has become an issue of paramount importance to corporations. One way to reduce such risk is through international operations. However, published research reports conflicting findings on the relationship between international operations and risk reduction. In addition, the literature leaves one avenue largely unexplored, namely, industry influence. Using a sample of 367 firms, this study tests for the relationship between internationalization and risk across global and multi-domestic industries. Study findings indicate a negative relationship between risk and internationalization, indicating that firms are benefited by reduced risk through internationalization. Additionally, regression models indicate the incremental rate of benefits due to internationalization is greater in the case of global industries, compared to multi-domestic industries.     

The integration-responsiveness framework and subsidiary management: A commentary

This commentary article discusses the appropriateness of using the integration-responsiveness framework for studying subsidiary management. The framework is frequently used and highly accepted in the international business literature, but the research contributions of applying the framework can be questioned. This commentary article discusses the applicability of the framework from a theoretical point of view, and furthermore, argues that it is difficult to empirically test subsidiary strategies and management based on hypotheses derived from the framework, and that the implications that can be drawn have limited theoretical content.     

中俄合作“伞”型新模式的现实支撑——哈牡绥东对俄贸易加工区的建设

中俄区域经济合作的＂伞＂型模式为中国东北振兴与俄罗斯东部地区开发之间的互动合作提供了崭新的思路,而新模式的实行离不开中俄双方共同的努力。哈牡绥东对俄贸易加工区的建设,无论从近期的优化资源配置,形成地方国际化产业集群,还是从远期的进一步加速生产要素聚集,实现东北亚区域内的互动合作,都为中方构建新模式提供了强有力的支撑。     

出口配电变压器的能效技术贸易壁垒分析

本文介绍了国内外主要国家的配电变压器能效标准,比较分析了国内外能效标准的差异及能效水平的高低。为国内出口配电变压器生产厂家克服国外技术贸易壁垒提供技术帮助,对促进国内节能变压器的升级改造和出口贸易的顺利发展具有指导意义。     

我国农产品贸易逆差影响因素的实证分析——基于进口视角

美国次贷危机波及下世界经济发展趋缓、中国农产品缺乏竞争力等因素对我国农产品贸易平衡造成影响。本文采用月度数据,从进口角度,通过协整检验、格兰杰因果关系检验分析了各因素的影响程度。结果表明,我国劳动力成本上升、国外需求下降是导致我国农产品贸易逆差上升的主要原因,出口减速、国内需求上升、人民币升值、对第一产业固定资产投资增加、出口退税政策等因素次之。解决这一问题要转变经济增长方式,增加农业基础设施投入,优化进出口结构,扩大内需,适度调整人民币币值,合理调高出口退税率。     

中国融入东亚生产网络的贸易利益——基于20个工业部门净附加值的分析

本文结合中国融入东亚生产网络的现状,采用反映进口中间产品在国内的产业循环效应或产业波及效果的净附加值指标来衡量中国融入东亚生产网络后归属于中国的直接的贸易利益。基于1992-2007年期间中国20个工业部门从东亚进口的中间产品在国内产业循环后所创造的净附加值分析表明:从净附加值的绝对量来看,中国工业部门从东亚进口中间产品所创造的净附加值增长迅猛,且在从世界进口的中间产品所创造的总的净附加值中平均占了42%左右的份额,但该净附加值占中国工业部门总出口的比重总体上不高且年均增长幅度有限。细分行业的考察发现,来自东亚的中间产品创造的净附加值比重较高的部门主要是技术、资本密集型工业部门,但在大多数工业部门中这一比重增长不显著。因此,应在进一步深化中国与东亚的垂直专业化分工的基础上,通过增强本土企业的技术吸收能力和自主创新能力来提升本土企业在东亚生产网络中的分工地位,以获取更多的贸易利益。