Incompetency training: Theory, practice, and remedies

“Incompetency training” includes formal and informal instruction that consciously (purposively) or unconsciously imparts knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior (including procedures) that are useless, inaccurate, misleading, and/or will lower performance outcomes of the trainee versus no training or training using alternative training methods. “Imparts” in the definition refers to exposing a trainee to incompetency training; such exposure is not a guarantee that the training increases the trainee's incompetence. This editorial is to stimulate research interest among scholars in incompetency training theory, evidence, and the efficacy of remedies. The editorial offers an early workbench model of incompetency training theory. The theory includes the proposition that executives and associates in firms, academia, and government organizations consciously as well as unknowingly offer incompetency training in many contexts. Increasing trainees' vigilance and ability to recognize exposure to incompetency-training may help trainees to decrease the effectiveness (impact) of exposures to incompetency training—advancing incompetency training theory and knowledge of incompetency training practice may be necessary conditions for remedying negative outcomes that follow from trainees receiving such training. Available evidence supports the first proposition and, to a limited extent, the second proposition.     

地勘单位境外投资项目后期运作问题及对策研究

地勘单位境外投资项目后期运作中,存在着股权不断被稀释、管控程度薄弱、应对风险能力不强等问题。产生此类问题的原因是由于盲目投资,欠缺合作共赢的商业运作模式,国际化专业人才缺乏,项目调查研究不深入,东道国政府政策限制等。应从如下方面入手解决问题:加强交流以增强了解与合作,与有实力的矿业企业合作,拓展融资渠道,重视人力资源以整合好国内外人才,熟悉境外相关法律。     

直升机载雷达侦察系统总体设计

本文在讨论直升机载雷达总体需求的基础上,介绍了直升机载雷达侦察系统的组成和功能,总结了系统总体设计中涉及到的关键技术,并对关键技术的解决措施进行了分析。     

历史制度主义视野下我国科技人才政策战略转型与变革逻辑

改革开放以来，我国科技人才政策历经恢复调整、初步确立、转型完善、深化改革到全面建设等5个发展阶段。基于历史制度主义分析范式，探究我国科技人才政策变革逻辑与动力机制。结果显示，路径依赖是我国科技人才政策保持结构稳定性与内在连贯性的基本阐释工具，体现在回报递增效应、多主体协作效应和制度场域自我强化等方面；关键节点在政治逻辑作用下成为科技人才政策变革的原始驱动力，其本质是在保证政治属性不变的前提下建构以绩效为核心的强制性制度变迁。进一步，在借鉴发达国家成熟经验的基础上，构建以“缓冲器”式中介组织为核心的行政认同、市场协调和学术本位之间的合理张力，进而推进利益相关者群体利益协调与整合机制成为我国科技人才政策不断自我革新的有效治理路径。     

Key Sectors,Industrial Clustering and Multivariate Outliers

In this paper a reflection is made on the problems that can arise in key sector analysis and industrial clustering, due to the usual presence of outliers when using multidimensional data related to the sectors in an input–output table. Multidimensional outliers are considered as being not only linked to the low number of clusters usually observed in this kind of study, but probably causing invalid results in most of the works involving multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster and factor analysis. Actually, by comparing the key sectors of the Spanish economy obtained in Díaz et al. (2006) Díaz, B., Moniche, L. and Morillas, A. 2006. A fuzzy clustering approach to the key sectors of the Spanish economy. Economic Systems Research, 18: 299–318. [Taylor & Francis Online] [Google Scholar] to the ones we get taking into account the problem the outliers pose, one can realize they greatly distort the results. On the other hand, it is shown that identification of outliers can be considered as a good and new procedure to help select the most important sectors in an economy.     

科技悬赏奖设置关键因素研究:基于对国际上135项科技悬赏奖的内容分析

科技悬赏奖是指为解决某一特定领域难题而专门征集科技创新成果的一种非周期性奖励制度安排,其设置是一个复杂的过程,能否成功受一系列因素的影响,具有整体性、系统性、关联性等特征。运用文本内容分析法,分析135项科技悬赏奖的设置特点,认为其在设置过程中有7大关键因素,即悬赏任务发布主体的权威性,参与悬赏的准入标准,参赛者动机与激励方式、风险及行为,解决悬赏难题所需运用知识的隐性程度,悬赏设计标准具体化程度,悬赏过程的可沟通反馈性,悬赏结束后技术成果的转化等,研究结论可为建立科学合理、运作高效的科学资助体系提供依据。     

基于遥感技术的耕地复种指数研究进展

复种是我国重要的农作制度之一,对于提高我国耕地综合生产能力和确保国家粮食安全具有重要作用。该文在介绍复种指数基本概念和研究方法的基础上,对基于遥感技术的耕地复种指数研究进展进行了评述,尤其对时序植被指数平滑方法和复种指数的判别方法等两个关键技术进行了详细阐述。该文提出了遥感技术和地面观测的结合将是未来耕地复种指数遥感监测的发展趋势之一。如何进行遥感数据平滑最优化处理,以及获取高时空分辨率遥感数据及规范准确的地面观测数据将是需要重点解决的关键问题。     

制造业企业房地产投资与企业杠杆率

摘 要：21世纪以来,中国制造业企业进行房地产投资是其“多元化”投资战略的主 要形式之一。本文利用2010-2020年中国 A 股上市制造业企业数据,研究了制造业企业 房地产投资对企业杠杆率的影响,发现制造业企业房地产投资能够提升企业杠杆率。机 制分析表明,制造业企业房地产投资通过发挥挤压效应和抵押效应进而提高企业杠杆率。 制造业企业房地产投资对企业杠杆率的提升作用在非国有企业和小企业中更显著。在区 分长期杠杆率和短期杠杆率后,制造业企业房地产投资对企业杠杆率的提升作用表现在 长期杠杆率方面,同时该提升作用显著提高了企业的财务风险。本文提出企业应当加大 研发创新,促进自身高质量发展;政府监管部门完善系列政策避免制造业企业盲目进行房地产投资而导致“企业空心化”。     

论企业年金税收中的公平与效率

企业年金税收中的公平与效率是互相促进、互为条件的有机整体。在市场化的运行过程中,企业年金一般要经历缴费、投资和领受三个环节,每个环节在处理公平与效率时,其侧重点各有不同。未来的年金税收制度的发展应尽快出台统一的企业年金税收法,体现不同收入者、不同地区的税收优惠差别。     

基于轴辐式系统的都市圈城际快递网络规划研究

分析了目前都市圈内快递企业的现状以及轴辐式系统的应用研究情况,根据都市圈内枢纽城市的地理分布特征,提出了两种轴辐式都市圈城际快递网络规划理论模型,旨在实现城际快递资源整合的基础上提高都市圈城际快递的运作效率,降低物流成本,减轻城市交通压力,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。