父母对子女的私人转移支付与子女劳动力供给

利用中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）2013年数据,本文考察了来自父母的私人转移支付对子女劳动力供给的影响。采用父亲和母亲的受教育年限作为私人转移支付的工具变量克服了计量模型可能存在的内生性问题。研究发现,父母对子女的私人转移支付每提高1%,子女的日、周、年劳动力供给将分别降低0.0254%、0.0536%、0.0991%,据此测算,父母对子女的私人转移支付每增加1元将使全国劳动力日劳动供给减少约5.24万小时。进一步的影响机制分析发现,父母通过私人转移支付"购买"子女提供的关爱、照料服务而挤出了子女的劳动力供给是导致上述结果的重要原因。研究还发现,来自父母的私人转移支付对子女劳动力供给的影响只存在集约边际,而不存在广延边际,即其仅减少了子女的劳动供给时间,而并没有使子女退出劳动力市场。本文的研究有助于理解自上而下的代际转移支付带来的经济影响。     

去工业化对收入不平等的影响:机制分析与实证检验

基于126个国家1991-2017年的面板数据,考察了去工业化对收入不平等的影响。研究发现,去工业化会显著加剧收入不平等程度,这在发展中经济体尤为显著。从传导机制看,去工业化既可以通过劳动力就业转移直接影响收入不平等,也可通过非熟练劳动力就业和服务业部门就业分化间接影响收入不平等。一方面,去工业化导致非熟练劳动力受到更大冲击,致使该部分劳动力失业,加剧收入不平等;另一方面,去工业化导致非熟练劳动力的就业从工业的高薪部门转移至服务业的低薪部门,最终影响收入不平等。进一步研究发现,在可能存在"过早去工业化"的国家去工业化对收入不平等的作用更加明显。因此发展中经济体要着重预防由于去工业化可能带来的收入不平等程度恶化。     

Aggregate implications of indivisible labor, incomplete markets, and labor market frictions

We study the impact of tax and transfer programs on steady-state allocations in a model with search frictions, an operative labor supply margin, and incomplete markets. In a benchmark model that has indivisible labor and incomplete markets but no trading frictions we show that the aggregate effects of taxes are identical to those in the economy with employment lotteries, though individual employment and asset dynamics can be different. The effect of frictions on the response of aggregate hours to a permanent tax change is highly nonlinear. There is considerable scope for substitution between “voluntary” and “frictional” nonemployment in some situations.     

国际分工理论流派及其综合

按照研究视角的不同,国际分工理论可以分为世界体系视角的国际分工理论、市场视角的国际分工理论、国家视角的国际分工理论、企业视角的国际分工理论、个人分工视角的国际分工理论等五大流派。本文对这五大流派进行综合分析,提出了一个新的分析框架。     

劳动力流动、征税方式转变与地区福利增进

研究目标：在劳动力流动程度的不同阶段研究税率结构变化与效率和公平之间的关系。研究方法：构建了征税方式转变与劳动力跨区域流动的两地区一般均衡模型进行理论模拟,采用面板门限模型进行实证检验。研究发现：随着劳动力流动程度的提高,在保持宏观税负不变下由增值税转为消费税的税率结构变化可以提升效率水平和改善公平状况。其中征税方式转变对于效率的正影响越来越大,对于公平的影响也由负转正,劳动力流动存在显著的门限效应。研究创新：结合劳动力流动影响因素进行消费税和增值税的税收扭曲效应差异机制的比较研究。研究价值：统筹协调税制结构改革与户籍制度改革,促进劳动力流动与税率结构优化,实现福利增进的双重红利。     

Does a marching band impact college Football game attendance? A panel study of Division II

Marching bands are an integral part of the college football game-day experience by increasing both the quantity and quality of entertainment. Academic music programs could enhance a band’s entertainment value via better-trained members and recruitment of more highly skilled musicians. The impact of these influences on game-day attendance is explored using data from nine years of regular season games in Division II. The regression model controls for economic factors, home-team performance, demographic influences and game characteristics and employs boot-strap clustering methods for calculating standard errors of coefficients. Results suggest that a marching band, the existence of an academic music program and being a historically black college each exerts an independent positive impact on attendance after controlling for all other factors.     

Commitment to Competition: An Assessment of Antitrust Agency Budgets since 1970

In these remarks to the Industrial Organization Society, I discuss the adequacy of antitrust enforcement resources in the U.S. Relevant resources are measured by the competition budgets of the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission. Since 1970 these have been influenced by the overall economy, its changing structure, and politics, but they have not kept up with the pace of mergers or other measures of the need for antitrust. Thus at present, the resources devoted to antitrust fall well short of what is required for continued vigilance over our growing and changing economy.     

Labor force participation

Trends in U.S. female and male labor force participation are outlined, particularly for the post-World War II period. Potential causes of these trends are then discussed, both those that operate on the demand side and those that operate on the supply side of the labor market, along with some discussion of alternative approaches to modeling these employment changes. Effects of these trends and future direction of changes are also considered.     

经济全球化视角下的“夹层效应”——从结构性矛盾看欧洲主权债务危机

本文从经济全球化视角,对欧盟内部和亚洲发展中国家的劳动生产率、劳动工资和单位劳动成本进行了研究。研究表明,当前不对称国际经济体系中特有的夹层效应是欧洲债务危机爆发的深层原因,即希腊等夹层国面临着劳动力全球化下底层国家即亚洲新兴经济体的低成本竞争和上层发达国家劳动生产率的强烈冲击,导致单位劳动成本上升和产品竞争力丧失,这种结构性矛盾与不平衡最终引发了本次危机。根据研究结果,本文认为结构性改革是化解危机的根本途径。